Plow for motor-block Neva MB-2: how to set up, installation and adjustment, which is better
A standard plough is capable of ploughing to a depth of 18-35 cm. There is a smooth way of ploughing with ploughshares, but for better cutting and crushing of layer, the plough can be fitted with right-reverse bodies, forming a pile-depth type of ploughing.
Then at the slightest deviation to the side from the specified direction, the moldboard crushes the earth into small pieces. Standard plow (plow scheme) consists of frame, scoop, skimmer, coupling mechanism with tractor, and body. The plow can have support wheels. There can be more than one, or one. Depends on the design of the particular plow. A body is a combination of ploughshare, mouldboard, and field wheel. You can see a diagram of a standard plow below:
- – skimmer,
- – plow body,
- – frame,
- – plow blade,
- – support wheel,
- – support wheel adjustment screw,
- – coupling mechanism with tractor.
Let us define the principle of coupling the plow to the tractor. This criterion can be used to classify mounted, semi-mounted, and trailed plows.
Plows according to coupling principle
Characteristic of the mounted ploughs is that the plough is attached to the tractor with a linkage that mounts the plough to the same mechanism on the tractor.
trailed ploughs are attached to the tractor via a trailing clevis.
The automatic coupling of the plough to the tractor is formed by the function of the locking pin and the frame. The lock is securely fastened, and the frame is secured with a pin to the lower tractor hitch arms, and a cheek to the upper link.
Attaching the plough to the tractor
In operation, both the frame and the lock are supported by a dog, which is connected to the driver’s cab via a rope. So the tractor driver can disengage the coupling directly from the cab. The linkage includes two opposite struts and a strut. They are connected to each other with one bolt.
Stanchions are attached to brackets. Brackets are bolted to plow frame. Trailed plows are characterized by having three wheels in their design.
Furrow wheel. front wheel, it is placed closer to front body on distance 3-4 cm from furrow wall. The wheel must not obstruct the plough.
The field is the second wheel, it follows the furrow. The one at the back is the last. Each wheel carries about 30% of the plough’s total weight. Semi-mounted ploughs have two wheels. This is the field wheel and the furrow wheel, which is located at the back.
Scheme of mounted plough bracket
- – lock,
- – strut,
- – plough handle,
- – neck,
- – pin,
- – frame,
- – mounting dog,
- – pin,
- – plough leg,
- – bolt,
- – plow bracket,
- – bracket
The three-tiered plow
So let’s talk about three-tier plows. These are the most popular among the people, since you can easily adapt a three-tier plow for two-tier plowing if you want to. When we want to leave the top layer of our cultivated soil on top, and the second and third layers to mix with each other, we need to remove the rear body, on the front set the extended blade, and the middle body put on the main beam behind the first body.
When the topsoil is clogged, move it to the bottom of the furrow: put the front body with the mouldboard in place of the rear one, and put the middle body in place of the outrigger. Below you can see a diagram of a three body plough. For you as an option below is shown the scheme of plough PTN 40:
schematic diagram of PTN 40
- – front body,
- – main body,
- – rear body,
- – frame beam (main beam),
- – beam for harrow,
- – suspension,
- – support wheel,
- – outrigger,
- – hoe knife,
- – suspension pin
Scheme of plough with hydropneumatic safety device
Previously we covered standard plows for cultivating soft soil. The stony plow features a hydropneumatic safety device.
- – hydraulic cylinder,
- – oil line,
- – manometer,
- – hydropneumatic accumulator,
- – gas chamber,
- – safety piston,
- – valve, 8. check valve,
- – plough frame,
- – plough’s support wheel,
- – plow body
This increased resistance to difficult soils is due to the active interaction of the hydropneumatic accumulator of the plough with the hydraulic system of the tractor.
When the plow hits a rock, the body of the plow rises, moving the ram of the cylinder, and the cylinder pushes oil into the accumulator as it moves, supplying it with energy. Then the body returns to its normal state and its ridge rests against the frame again.
Scheme of a horse-drawn plough
Also, for lighter soils, a techie plow is suitable. a horse-drawn plow. You are looking at plough brand PV-23. This is a hanging plow, which means it has only one small support wheel. It has almost no support on it, so the operator has to support it with his hands.
- – cutter knife,
- – ploughshare,
- – mouldboard,
- – field board,
- – crank
- – ridge,
- – ploughing depth control,
- – width adjustment,
- – Slewing hook,
- – plow wheel and support leg.
Plow adjustment
The advantages of attachments for the Neva. complete with additional weights that allow you to adjust the weight, and extensions of the half-axle.
Setting and adjusting the plough on the walking tractor is simple thanks to its universal design. The coupling with the main equipment, as well as the coupling with other aggregates, is made with a bracket. Before adjusting the plow on your power tiller, you should replace the wheels on the tiller for the Neva power tiller. the replacement process is easier when the tiller is mounted on the stand. Set the tines so that the narrowed side faces in the direction of travel.
Setting up the plough before use takes place in two stages:
Adjustment is possible after coupling is installed and secured with the adjustment screw. To do this, place the heel of the plow parallel to the ground line and secure it with the adjusting bolt. The rudder of the power tiller is centered relative to the adjusting screw.
How to convert horse-drawn plough into a mini-tractor
4 Apr 2015. 4 min Added by Valery KrutkoTillage on a mini tractor with horse-drawn plough. Graf_Lesovik 13.
About soils
On one of the forums in the discussion of his notes on rye, found some very interesting facts.”The first herald of impending environmental disasters associated with large-scale plowing of virgin lands was intense erosion, desiccation, and dehumification of soils in southern Russia in the mid-19th century. The consequences of this mass plowing of the land were clearly and intelligibly analyzed in the book by V.В.Dokuchaev’s Our Steppes Before and Now, published in 1893.
At the end of the 19th century in the work of I.Е.Ovsinsky (“New System of Farming”, Kiev, 1899), on the basis of numerous experiments it was proved that the land should not be tilled deeper than 2 inches (an inch is 2.54 cm): “already 4-5 inch plowing destroys the network of tubules and thereby hinders root germination”, “shallow 2 inch plowing causes rapid soil improvement to a considerable depth”, “the famous Krupp with his shells of military destruction did not bring as much harm to mankind as the factory plow for deep plowing did”. Instead of the plough, Ovsinsky used a horse-drawn ploughshare and obtained good yields even during the drought of 1895-1897, when the plough fields were completely devoid of moisture.
In 1909, the Department of Agronomy of the Kiev University for some reason came down on Ovsinsky with a sweeping criticism, declaring his book a complete muddle and nonsense. Raising a mass of theoretical objections, Ovsinsky’s opponents claimed that his results. consequence solely of the former deep plowing of his fields. The argument, as you will see, is ridiculous, but since then Ovsinski’s teaching has been devalued and forgotten. And only half a century later, thanks to the work of T.С. Maltsev’s experiments in southern Ukraine were rechecked and found that Ovsinski’s system was not, in fact, followed in them. Т.С. Maltsev, followed by A.И. Barayev proved effectiveness of the no-till system and introduced it into practice in many regions of the USSR.
An even more graphic lesson in the form of a man-made natural disaster, perceived then as the end of civilization, was presented to the world on the great plains of the United States and Canada in the 1930s of the 20th century. The massive plowing of many millions of hectares of virgin prairie land resulted in widespread wind erosion. In Before Nature Dies (M.1968) Ж.Dorst describes one of the worst, as he says, “mournful” days in the United States, May 12, 1934, when “the vast plains were the scene of a natural disaster unprecedented in American history. winds carried tornadoes across the continent to the east. they darkened the skies over Washington, D.C., and New York City, and swept into the Atlantic. The bare areas, since then known as the ‘dust bowl,’ have become the focus of wind erosion.”. Officially recognizing erosion as a national disaster, the government organized the Soil Erosion Control Service, which two years later was reorganized as the Soil Conservation Service. Great efforts were made to develop anti-erosion farming systems, in which the plow gave way to the plough and all other techniques became soil-protective (stubble seeders instead of conventional, rotary harrows instead of gear harrows, disc harrows instead of ploughs, etc.д.). Together with the administrative authorities, scientists have long overcome the conservatism of farmers in mastering the new system (Academician of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences V.И.Kiryushin, “Lessons of the virgin lands”). In Canada and the USA, machine ploughs have completely replaced the plough. According to the leading Russian agronomists who visited Kansas in 1995, young farmers (aged 30 to 40 years) there do not know at all what is a plow, and their fathers remember the plowing with irony. The ploughshare also became widespread in Europe, Asia, and Australia.
The next catastrophe was in the USSR in 1960s, after the mass plowing of virgin lands in Kazakhstan, Siberia and the Urals. From 1954 to 1962 42 million hectares of cropland were ploughed. hectares of land. This area is comparable with the area of Spain or France. With the rise of virgin lands, the ploughed area increased sharply and reached in some steppe regions 80% and more. And the catastrophe unfolded to the full width of the steppe fields of Western Siberia and Kazakhstan in the form of a grandiose “dusty cauldron”. Initially, the dust storms did not cause much alarm in the upper echelons of power. The problems of erosion were discussed quietly, and the need to improve farming was discussed. It could go on for quite a long time, up to complete disaster, if not for creation in 1957 of the Kazakh (later All-Union) Research Institute of Grain Farming under the guidance of A.I. Barayev, which was headed by V.A. Kabanov.И.Barayev. One of the few A.И.Barayev understood that it is impossible to improve the classical farming system, a fundamentally new solution is needed. Such a solution already existed in the world in the form of flat tillage, which Barayev became thoroughly acquainted with in Canada in 1957-58. It took a lot of efforts to integrate Canadian experience into new soil-protecting farming system. An important role was played here by the advanced Siberian experience, generalized and multiplied by T.С.Maltsev. This began with the testing of Canadian equipment and the creation of our own erosion control implements and machines. The first samples of native ploskrez were developed, the extensive fundamental experiments. At first, agronomists brought to these experiments, especially scientific workers, looked skeptically at the “untidy” fields with “sticking out” after tillage with the ploughshare, and some were indignant, because it contradicted all the elementary truths learned from the agricultural textbooks. Many scientists prophesied the futility of the new system on a variety of assumptions: increased weed infestation of crops, development of diseases, pests, etc. Meanwhile the contradictions were resolved in one way or another by various agro techniques.
Such a story is quite remarkable. At that time, P.Т.Zolotarev, an agronomist from Poltava region, experimenting with tillage, stated the unheard of at a session of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Tselinograd:. To get good harvests of grain, the land does not need to be plowed, tilled, cultivated or harrowed. we only have to sow and harvest. There was laughter and ironic applause in the hall, which made Zolotarev leave the rostrum without finishing his speech. He only had time to ask the presidium a question:. Comrades academicians, doctors of sciences.! Why is it so often: a wheat field is overgrown with sow thistle, thistle, oatsug, and next to it on the virgin land? not a single sedge, thistle, oatmeal? The seeds of these weeds are spread for tens of kilometers. So they are also on the virgin land. So why don’t they sprout on the undisturbed soil?! The next day the scandalous agronomist was fired and put on trial. The case was hushed up: the yield on the experimental plots was much higher with a “non-standard” agronomist. Since Prokopy Tikhonovich did not plow the surface of the soil, did not disc, did not husk, it means that the weeds here were not trimmed by the paws of cultivators, but in the second year there were half as many of them, in the third. very little was left. From the fourth. disappeared altogether. It would seem, transferring all of this to a wide range of production practices. Not so. The seeder developed by Zolotarev was run over by tractor. What tops did Zolotarev not addressed with his offers, what thresholds did not pave. The plough hit a blind wall everywhere.
Types of ploughs for power tillers
The ploughs used for ploughing fall into several types. These include:
- single-hulled constructions. these products are the easiest to use. They have a minimum weight and consist of a small number of parts;
- Reversible or rotary ploughs. the upper part of such designs has a bent feather designed to turn the soil directly during the ploughing process. Reversible plows are most effective when working heavy soil;
- Rotary plows. this type of mounted equipment has the most complex design. You can find on sale a two-crop plow consisting of two, and a three-crop plow consisting of three plowshares;
- disc plows. designs of this type are used primarily for plowing wet soil. The depth of soil treatment with such plows is slightly less than with the previous types of attachments.
Each of the above types of plows has found use in plowing one or another type of soil. Nevertheless, the most universal is considered a two-sided reversible plough. it shows high efficiency in the processing of any type of soil.
How to make a plough on a single axle tractor with your own hands?
Before you start making a plow with your own hands, you will need to carefully study the drawings. They should tell you how to attach parts to each other. The further order of action is as follows:
- First make a ploughshare. To do this, take steel, at least 5 mm thick, and give it the desired shape. Beat the cutting part of the steel billet on an anvil and then sharpen it. Do this in the same way as when sharpening a hand-held grass scythe;
- Next you need to make a self-made mouldboard. This is suitable steel tube, with a diameter of 50 cm, and wall thickness of no more than 5 mm. Cut out a piece for the future mouldboard with a cutter. To give the product the desired shape, beat it on an anvil and grind on a lathe;
- Next, you need to assemble the parts of the plow into a single design. Take a sheet of steel, the dimensions of which should be 50×50 cm, and the thickness. 3 mm. Make a 4-centimeter indent on the edges of the sheet and align it so that you end up with a zero angle;
- Then, using wedges, apply the coulter blade to the sheet and make a two-sided spot-welding, observing an angle of 25°;
- Put the blade and the scraper together as snugly as possible. Between the upper part of the mouldboard and the coulter blade an angle of 8° should be formed;
Then measure all angles accurately again. Only after making sure the connections are correct, you can finally weld in the plough parts. As soon as the plough is completely cooled down, clean out any welding seams.
The ploughing depth and how to set it
The ploughing depth should not be less than 20 cm. Setting it up is not difficult. To do this, the machine is rolled out to the place of upcoming works, where the control pass is made. Along the first approximate furrow, a cord is pulled. Turn immediately to the left to drive over unploughed ground. Ploughing to the opposite end of the field at minimum speed. This will make it possible to check the correct setting of the plough and to make any necessary corrections.
Place the right ploughshare into a fresh furrow and drive slowly forward. After the first pass the device turns 180° and moves in the opposite direction. In doing so, estimate the depth of the furrow made. In the event of unsatisfactory adjustment of the implement with the bolts of the fixing bracket. It is necessary to make sure that the right side of the ladle does not leave the furrow limits and the equipment stand is perpendicular to the soil surface.
Tips and tricks
Depending on the size of the plot and the type of soil on it, it is necessary to choose a single-axle tractor. Its design and technical characteristics determine the appropriate type of mounted implements. A small garden plot with soft soil is best worked with a simple plough-mounted tiller. Adjustment of the attached implements is of special importance when ploughing hard soil with clay and stony inclusions, as well as in large fields.
For such conditions it is recommended to equip the plough with special “goosefoot” type attachments made of high-strength carbon steel. The main constructive feature of such devices is a triangular shape of the cutting surface, which provides crumbling and grinding of hard deposits. They easily reel in their blades and weeds. The quality of tillage with a handmade plow is not inferior to brand-name models.
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