How to find which drill bit without a table ?
Suppose you want to cut a thread M10x1.5.
- Find out the nominal thread diameter: 10 mm.
- Find out the nominal thread pitch: 1.5 mm
- Subtract the second from the first value: 10-1.5 = 8.5 mm
- Result. 8.5 mm !
Having mastered this method, you can easily and simply choose the right drill for tapping.
How to use the filter on the website to select a drill for a thread ?
In the Drills for metal section, a filter with the “For thread” parameter has been implemented, thanks to which you can find the required drill in just 2 mouse clicks:
- Choosing a thread.
- Click “Apply”.
- We get the right drills.
Download the table “Drill diameter for metric thread”
| Trapezoidal thread Tr | |||
| Tr 8×1.5 | 6.6 | Tr 14×3 | 11.25 |
| Tr 10×1.5 | 8.6 | Tr 14×4 | 10.25 |
| Tr 10×2 | 8.2 | Tr 16×4 | 12.25 |
| Tr 10×3 | 7.5 | Tr 18×4 | 14.25 |
| Tr 12×2 | 10.2 | Tr 20×4 | 16.25 |
| Tr 12×3 | 9.25 | Tr 22×3 | 19.25 |
| Tr 14×2 | 12.2 | Tr 22×5 | 17.25 |
To tap an internal thread, you first need to drill a hole of a certain diameter. The table shows the most popular threads and drill diameters required for drilling thread holes.
Drill diameter for thread (table)
For which materials the values are indicated in the table ?
The specified hole diameters are suitable for cutting metric threads in:
- gray cast iron
- carbon steels of ordinary quality
- quality structural steels
- structural alloy steels
- high-alloy steels
- corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant alloys
- heat-resistant steels
- aluminum casting alloys
- copper
A complete list of threads and diameters can be found in GOST 19257-73. an official technical document with all the nuances and details.
Hand threading with a die
Before starting work, we recommend taking a look at the practical advice in the article How to properly tap a thread. There you can also find the right coolant for different materials.
External threading with a die
To cut an external thread, the following tools and materials are required: die or pipe die, die holder, file, vice, vernier caliper, machine oil.
The most widespread are round dies (lerki). They can be solid or cut. The diameters of solid round dies are standardized. This allows you to choose a suitable option from a wide range of sizes, for example, M10, M12, M14, M16.
A feature of split dies is the ability to adjust the diameter of the cut thread in the range of 0.1 0.25 mm. However, they have a reduced rigidity, which affects the accuracy of the resulting profile.
The die is placed in a die holder of a suitable size. After that, it is fixed with screws. In the case of external pipe threads, ratchet holders are often used. They provide convenience for working in hard-to-reach places, for example, against a wall.
The thickness of the rod is chosen 0.1 0.25 mm less than the diameter of the external thread. For example, for M6 with a large pitch it is 5.80 5.90 mm; M8. 7.80 7.90 mm; M10. 9.75 9.85 mm. Measurements are performed using a caliper. The diameters of rods for cutting metric threads of average accuracy class 6g are presented in the table.
To ensure a better plunge into the die, a chamfer is cut at the end of the rod. Its width should be 1. 1.5 mm for M6 M18. The workpiece is lubricated with machine oil, which facilitates subsequent work and allows you to get a better surface.
The die is placed on the end of the rod so that its plane is perpendicular to the axis of the bolt being cut. Then, with a slight pressure, rotate the die holder clockwise (if the thread is left, then counterclockwise). When the die hits the rod one or two threads, it should be turned half a turn back for better chip removal. After that, 1-2 turns are made again along the thread and 0.5 turns in the opposite direction. Acting according to this scheme, the bolt is cut to the required length.
The diameter of the outer thread is checked with a conventional nut or ring gauge. If necessary, the step is controlled by a thread gauge.
How to cut threads by hand
Threaded connections are widely used in the device of various mechanisms and machines. Bolts, studs, screws, nuts are versatile, interchangeable fasteners. However, there are times when you need to cut threads by hand. A specialized tool will help to perform this work qualitatively.
In mechanical engineering, there are three main systems of fastening threads: metric, inch and pipe.
Metric thread is the most widespread. It has a 60 triangular profile. Its main parameters, diameter and pitch, are expressed in millimeters. Example of designation: M16. This means that the thread is metric, has a diameter of 16 mm with a coarse pitch of 2.0 mm. If the step is small, then its value is indicated, for example, M161.5.
Inch and pipe thread diameters are expressed in inches. The pitch is characterized by the number of threads per inch. The specified parameters are standardized, so there is always an opportunity to choose the necessary tool.
Tapping internal threads
To form an internal thread, the following tools and materials are required:
- hammer, center punch, drill, drill;
- a set of taps, a knob, a bench vise;
- machine oil.
Tapping technology
The first step is to mark the workpiece and center the center of the future hole. A drill is selected that corresponds to the required thread diameter. This can be done using look-up tables or approximately by the formula d = D. P. Here D is the thread diameter, P is its pitch, d is the drill diameter. For example, for М10 d = 10. 1.5 = 8.5 mm.
A hole is drilled in the part to the required depth, which must exceed the length of the cut part. Using a drill with a diameter greater than d, a chamfer is made at the edge of the hole. It serves for centering and better entry of the tap.
According to the main parameters of the thread. diameter and pitch. the cutting tool is selected. Typically, a set of two taps is used. One of them is rough, the other is final. By the size of the square of the tail part of the taps, choose a knob.
The part is securely fixed in a vice. The rough tap and hole are lubricated with machine oil. After that, the tap is installed strictly perpendicular to the surface of the part and, pressing along its axis, rotate the knob by the handles.
Having cut one or two threads of thread, make a quarter of a turn in the opposite direction. This facilitates crushing and removal of chips, and prevents jamming of the tool. The work is continued, carrying out alternating rotation: ½ turn forward, ¼. back. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that there is no misalignment of the tap. You should also not put excessive effort on it. To prevent jamming, the cutting tool is periodically removed, and the hole is cleaned of chips.
After cutting the internal thread to the required depth, a finishing tap is installed in the hole. When he goes in a given direction, a knob is put on him and work continues. Add lubricant periodically.
The threads are checked using a plug gauge or bolt. It should screw in effortlessly and not wiggle. If necessary, make an additional cut with a finishing tap.
How to tap threads?
Tapping is available to every home or garage craftsman. For this, it is not necessary to contact a locksmith service center. Watch a couple of video tutorials. and get taps for making internal threads.
Precautions
Do not use a drill or other power tools for threading. An exception is a universal drilling machine, whose revolution is adjustable up to 0.3 per second, and which also has a reverse (reverse rotation) function. A simple drill can be damaged, like the tap itself.
It is not recommended to deviate from the vertical and perpendicularity when drilling, otherwise the drill will break. If the same is done with the tap, then it can be bent, and the alignment given to it at the factory will be violated. You can straighten the tap only using a lathe or drill as a guide. However, an imperfect, slightly curved tap immediately leads to a poor-quality internal thread in the workpiece. the bolts and studs are hard to turn or refuse to screw up at all.
Slicing technology
In order to properly cut the thread with a tap, you must also stock up, in addition to electrical equipment, with the following devices.
- Drill with a larger diameter than the main hole. It removes burrs from the edges of the hole, smoothes this edge.
- Drill driver capable of working at reduced speeds.
- Manual tap driver. Without it, it would be necessary to clamp the tap into the drill chuck, and this is not always permissible.
- Locksmith vices. Better if you can fix them on the workbench.
- Core and hammer, machine oil and rags.
- Having prepared all this inventory, proceed to the process itself.
Here’s a step-by-step guide.
- Punch a hole for future internal threads.
- Apply a little oil to the mark and to the drill itself. Excessive friction will be eliminated, the drill will not overheat, which is important for its long service life. If there was no machine oil, then you can apply oil processing, grease, lard or marmot fat, for example. If a more viscous alloy is drilled, for example, a stainless steel, then it is recommended to use exclusively engine oil.
- Parts of small dimensions are fixed in a vice. their low weight would not allow them to stay in place. Having drilled a hole, using a drill of a slightly larger diameter, they remove a sharp protrusion on the surface of the part, which makes it possible to give the treated area a more accurate look. You can use a stepped or tapered drill. be careful not to over-drill: the blunt groove should not go deeper than a millimeter. For holes of 4 mm, you can use “reaming” by 5, for 5. by 6 mm, for 6. by 8 mm, for 8. by 10 and 12 mm, etc.
- During the threading process, make sure that the tap moves straight without deviating a degree to either side. Remember to lubricate it and the hole itself before starting work. The cutting rule is as follows: two turns are made in the course of threading, one is back. It is unacceptable to advance the tool only in the forward direction, since due to increased friction and pressure, the working helical groove may become dull, despite the relative hardness of the tool steel, and the tap will immediately work worse. it will be much more difficult to form. The smallest chips formed during groove cutting in the workpiece should leave the cutting part: if this is not done, then, according to the laws of physics, the load on the tool will increase. The increased hardness of conventional steel, in which the helical groove is cut, requires more oil.
- If all of the above conditions are met, the result is a free and easy screwing of the pin or bolt into the just “cut” hole.
Before testing the quality of work, flush the inner walls of the hole from traces of sawdust and used oil before re-lubricating it.
Preparation
A beginner master can train on scraps of smooth rods or unhardened wire with a diameter of 3 mm or more. The workpiece must be straightened before starting work. too bent will spoil the thread during the cutting process, and, possibly, the tool itself. The workpiece must be flat, like a steel rail. Use a regular student or steel ruler to check for evenness.
When it comes to cutting an internal thread, then use a pre-drilled workpiece or a piece of pipe (tube) of a suitable internal (not external) diameter. The use of pipes is regulated by GOST. in terms of the dimensions of the inner and outer diameters, wall thickness, etc. The larger the inner and outer diameters of the pipe from which you need to make a screw rack, coupling or other structural nozzle, the better the quality of the thread and the strength of the resulting part. For example, for a stand or a coupling for an M10 bolt, it is recommended to use a pipe segment with a wall thickness of at least 5 mm. This pattern is not linear, since a tube or pipe as such is not much inferior to a rod made of a similar material, for example, steel, and of the same diameter as the outer circumference of the same pipe (tube).
A margin of wall thickness for cutting internal threads is necessary so that the workpiece does not deform, regardless of the way in which the helical groove is cut: manually or using a drill (or screwdriver).
Ideally, the tap rotates without jerks, despite the effort. due to the uniformity of the cut material, the constancy of the mechanism thrust (torque). When threading manually, there can be significant variations in the force applied by the craftsman, but smooth running is critical.
In addition to general requirements, GOST implies an accurate calculation of the inner diameter for threading. The hole diameter for M6 with a 0.75 mm groove assumes drilling the hole with a 5.25 mm drill: the formula is that the thread pitch is subtracted from the diameter of the bolt or stud. For M8 with a thread pitch of 1 mm, the hole diameter will be 7 mm, for M10. 9, for M12. 11, for M14. 13. However, it should be remembered that the width (pitch) of the helical groove also grows with an increase in the diameter of the bolt or stud, therefore for M20, for example, an 18.5 mm hole is made when the thread pitch for the bolt (and the internal thread for it in the workpiece itself) is, for example, 1.5 mm. This is the main prerequisite for achieving a high quality cut.
A specific calculation is used for atypical parts that cannot be replaced with simple construction studs due to the lower hardness and strength of steel. For example, hardened hubs for bicycles, manufactured according to M12, but with a non-standard thread (so that ordinary construction nuts do not fit) of 0.6 mm, provide for making a hole in the trunnion of the bushing mechanism, into which this hub axle is screwed, 11.4 mm, respectively Since these parts are delivered to a wide-flow conveyor production, the taps for their cutting are designed for threading at low speeds, for example, resembling the stroke of a screwdriver (0.5 2 revolutions per second) at low speed.
There is also the concept of metric and inch types of threads. They differ in pitch and depth of the helical groove. For example, cutting an internal or external “inch” thread implies not a pointed, but a truncated ridge of the external hole (along the groove). and exactly the same “groove” of the internal one. It is also necessary to select a tap based on the purpose of the thread, the load on it during tightening.
After picking up the tap, make sure that the drill (or drilling machine) with which you are drilling the holes does not create beats. The mechanism must be perfectly centered, and the drill itself must not be bent or bent. If you do not follow these two important features, you will get “broken” holes and, as a result, poor quality threads. The angle of sharpening of the drill for steel is about 140 degrees.
Do not use a tool with a different sharpening angle, such as wood and plastic.
Useful Tips
Set up an even corner before starting work. Use a square ruler to control the evenness of the tap. While it has not sunk yet, there is a chance to correct its non-perpendicular position. The first 4 turns must be checked for straightness of the tool stroke.
To remove stuck chips, periodically unscrew the tool over the newly tapped thread. The adhered metal dust, clogging up, although it is mixed (steel particles move relative to each other) with the help of oil, must be removed. If there is a lot of it, and the tool is much heavier, then unscrew the tap and wipe it, clean it from dust. The same rag can be driven into the hole by rotating it: imagine that it is a bolt. it plunges inward along the thread, collecting shavings with oil residues. After cleaning the hole and tool, apply a little oil and continue working at the above cycling rate. After completing the threading. when the desired length has been passed or it is “cut” entirely. flush the hole, for example, with gasoline. Now the bolt or stud can be screwed on freely, without unnecessary effort.
Form and process the following holes in the same way.
Non-ferrous metal, including aluminum and alloys based on it, is relatively easy to cut. Copper materials such as brass and bronze also do not require taps with a hardness value higher than 61 on the Rockwell scale. Carbide taps (61-63 units) are the domain of only most steels, including black.
Scope of drawings
Standard scales for images of parts in engineering and construction drawings.
Download the table “Drill diameter for metric thread”
| Pipe thread, G | |||
| Tap | Drill | Tap | Drill |
| G 1/8 | 8.8 | G 1 1/4 | 39.5 |
| G 1/4 | 11.8 | G 1 3/8 | 42 |
| G 3/8 | 15.25 | G 1 1/2 | 45.5 |
| G 1/2 | nineteen | G 2 | 57.5 |
| G 5/8 | 21 | G 2 1/4 | 63.5 |
| G 3/4 | 24.5 | G 2 1/2 | 72.5 |
| G 7/8 | 28.25 | G 2 3/4 | 78.5 |
| G 1 | 30.75 | G 3 | 85.5 |
| G 1 1/8 | 35.5 | ||
| Inch UNC thread | |||
| 1 / 4×20 | 5.1 | 7 / 8×9 | 19.5 |
| 5 / 16×18 | 6.5 | 1×8 | 22.25 |
| 3 / 8×16 | eight | 1 1 / 8×7 | 25 |
| 7 / 16×14 | 9.4 | 1 1 / 4×7 | 28.25 |
| 1 / 2×13 | 10.8 | 1 3 / 8×6 | 30.75 |
| 9 / 16×12 | 12.2 | 1 1 / 2×6 | 34 |
| 5 / 8×11 | 13.6 | 1 3 / 4×5 | 39.5 |
| 3 / 4×10 | 16.5 | 2×4 | 45 |
| Inch fine thread UNF | |||
| 1 / 4×28 | 5.5 | 3 / 4×16 | 17.5 |
| 5 / 16×24 | 6.9 | 7 / 8×14 | 20.5 |
| 3 / 8×24 | 8.5 | 1×12 | 23.25 |
| 7 / 16×20 | 9.9 | 1 1 / 8×12 | 26.5 |
| 1 / 2×20 | 11.5 | 1 1 / 4×12 | 29.75 |
| 9 / 16×18 | 12.9 | 1 3 / 8×12 | 33 |
| 5 / 8×18 | 14.5 | 1 1 / 2×12 | 36 |
| Trapezoidal thread Tr | |||
| Tr 8×1.5 | 6.6 | Tr 14×3 | 11.25 |
| Tr 10×1.5 | 8.6 | Tr 14×4 | 10.25 |
| Tr 10×2 | 8.2 | Tr 16×4 | 12.25 |
| Tr 10×3 | 7.5 | Tr 18×4 | 14.25 |
| Tr 12×2 | 10.2 | Tr 20×4 | 16.25 |
| Tr 12×3 | 9.25 | Tr 22×3 | 19.25 |
| Tr 14×2 | 12.2 | Tr 22×5 | 17.25 |
To tap an internal thread, you first need to drill a hole of a certain diameter. The table shows the most popular threads and drill diameters required for drilling thread holes.
Cutting conditions
Online calculator for calculating cutting conditions for turning.
How to find which drill bit without a table ?
Suppose you want to cut a thread M10x1.5.
- Find out the nominal thread diameter: 10 mm.
- Find out the nominal thread pitch: 1.5 mm
- Subtract the second from the first value: 10-1.5 = 8.5 mm
- Result. 8.5 mm !
Having mastered this method, you can easily and simply choose the right drill for tapping.
Types of threads
Types and characteristics of metric, pipe, thrust, trapezoidal and round threads.
Reading drawings
Technical drawing, rules for the execution of drawings of parts and assembly drawings.
| Metric thread, M | |||
| Tap | Drill | Tap | Drill |
| М1.4х0.3 | 1.1 | М14х1.25 | 12.8 |
| М1.6х0.35 | 1.25 | М14х1 | 13 |
| М2х0.4 | 1.6 | М16х2 | fourteen |
| М2.5х0.45 | 2.05 | М16х1.5 | 14.5 |
| М3х0.5 | 2.5 | М16х1.25 | 14.8 |
| М3.5х0.6 | 2.9 | М16х1 | fifteen |
| М4х0.7 | 3.3 | М18х2.5 | 15.5 |
| М4х0.5 | 3.5 | М18х2 | sixteen |
| М5х0.8 | 4.2 | М18х1.5 | 16.5 |
| М5х0.5 | 4.5 | М18х1 | 17 |
| М6х1 | five | М20х2.5 | 17.5 |
| М6х0.5 | 5.5 | M20x2 | eighteen |
| М7х1 | 6 | М20х1.5 | 18.5 |
| М7х0.5 | 6.5 | M22x2.5 | 19.5 |
| М8х1.25 | 6.8 | M22x2 | twenty |
| М8х1 | 7 | М22х1.5 | 20.5 |
| М8х0.75 | 7.2 | М24х3 | 21 |
| М8х0.5 | 7.5 | M24x2 | 22 |
| М9х1.25 | 7.8 | М24х1.5 | 22.5 |
| М9х1 | eight | М27х3 | 24 |
| М10х1.5 | 8.5 | M27x2 | 25 |
| М10х1.25 | 8.8 | М27х1.5 | 25.5 |
| М10х1 | nine | М30х3.5 | 26.5 |
| М11х1.5 | 9.5 | М30х3 | 27 |
| М11х1.25 | 9.8 | M30x2 | 28 |
| M11x1 | 10 | М30х1.5 | 28.5 |
| М12х1.75 | 10.2 | М33х3.5 | 29.5 |
| М12х1.5 | 10.5 | М33х3 | thirty |
| М12х1.25 | 10.8 | M33x2 | 31 |
| М12х1 | eleven | М33х1.5 | 31.5 |
| М14х2 | 12 | М36х4 | 32 |
| М14х1.5 | 12.5 | M42x4.5 | 37.5 |
Wrench nut sizes
Key Wrench Dimensions for Hex Bolt Heads and Hex Nuts.
Drilling
Cutting depth : ,
Innings S = CD0.6 (mm/about).
Cutting speed when drilling: (m/min),
-coefficient depending on the quality of the workpiece material, drill material and processing conditions;
q, m, x, y-coefficients depending on the conditions and nature of processing;
-factor taking into account the actual cutting conditions,
-coefficient for tool material;
-coefficient taking into account the drilling depth;
Speed : (about/min);
Drilling torque :(Nm),
Cutting power : (kw);
Calculation of cutting conditions when tapping threads
Rigid threading
Increasing processing productivity and product quality requires the use of appropriate equipment. Two groups of machine tools are widely used for threading.
The first group. machines for drilling small holes and tapping in them, the spindle speed can reach 6000 min-1.
The second group is machining centers, where more and more threads are being cut now. On machines of this type, the so-called rigid threading cycles are used (the spindle speed is synchronized with the movement along the Z axis). For such machines, the use of floating tap chucks is not required. Threading can be carried out at 2000-3000 min-1.
Machining centers are usually equipped with several useful features for threading, such as fast tapping out of the hole and setting the torque limit when threading, which helps prevent tap breakage.
Theoretically, when machining threads on machining centers, it is not necessary to use any means to compensate for the discrepancy between the pitch of the tap and the actual feed along the Z axis and the spindle speed. In fact, to compensate for the accumulated error in threading, it is recommended to use the SynchroFlex type tap chucks with an integrated flexible element. Cartridges of this type have a compensating capacity of about 0.5 mm.
Carbide taps
Just as carbide taps have gradually changed from HSS for turning, carbide taps are increasingly being used in threading.
Carbide taps, due to their fragility, are difficult to withstand heavy loads, unlike HSS taps. Despite this, they have proven themselves excellently when processing materials such as gray cast iron and aluminum with a large m of silicon, because when processing these materials, the main wear mechanism is abrasive.
The development of high-strength fine-grained carbide alloys has led to the emergence of carbide taps with high strength and wear resistance. They can also be used when machining hardened steels, plastics and high-temperature alloys. Carbide taps are especially widespread with the development of metal-cutting equipment.
Boring
Cutting conditions are defined in the same way as for surface turning, with the exception of cutting speed.,
where is the coefficient of the cutting speed, depending on the boring diameter.
Tapping
When tapping with a tap, as with any other type of processing, it is necessary to take into account the material grade of the workpiece, the design of the tool, the capabilities of the machine, as well as the cutting modes.
It must be added to the above that when threading, the load on the tooth of the tap is much higher than the load on the tooth of almost any other tool due to the constant contact of the tap with the side surface of the thread.
During the threading process, good chip evacuation must be ensured to avoid breakage of the tap and to ensure high precision and good surface quality of the threads. All this creates additional difficulties for the designers of metal-cutting tools in the struggle to increase productivity, durability and stability of processing.
Surface turning
Cutting depth: (mm),
D1– diameter after processing, mm.
How to cut an internal thread using a tap #1943
Innings S-is selected from the tables of the reference book.
T-durability period of the cutting tool, min;
m-indicator of relative durability;
-coefficient characterizing specific conditions of work,
Learn to use a Tap & Die to Cut Threads
-coefficient taking into account the influence of the workpiece material;
-coefficient that takes into account the effect of surface condition;
-coefficient that takes into account the influence of the material of the instrument;
coefficients taking into account the influence of geometry
Speed (about/min),
n-corrected according to the passport of the machine;
Cutting force : (H),
-coefficient depending on the working conditions of the metal group with
a certain characteristic of its mechanical properties;
x, y, u-coefficients depending on the conditions and nature of processing;
-coefficient characterizing specific conditions of work,
which depend on the main factors affecting the cutting force, where ,
-coefficient taking into account the influence of the quality of the processed material, violent dependencies;
-coefficients that take into account the influence of the geometric parameters of the cutting part of the tool on the constituent cutting forces;
Cutting power : (kw);
Engine power :.Efficiency (0.75-0.85);
CAD / CAM / CAE systems
Computer-aided design CAD systems, 3D programs for design, modeling and creation of 3d models.
To cut the thread M8 what kind of drill you need
The table shows the diameters of drills and holes for cutting metric threads with a large pitch.
| 0.25 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.04 | 0.06 | – |
| 0.25 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.04 | 0.06 | – |
| 0.25 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.04 | 0.06 | – |
| 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.12 | 0.04 | 0.06 | – |
| 0.35 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.27 | 0.05 | 0.07 | – |
| 0.35 | 1.45 | 1.45 | 1.47 | 0.05 | 0.07 | – |
| 0.4 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.62 | 0.06 | 0.08 | – |
| 0.45 | 1.75 | 1.75 | 1.77 | 0.07 | 0.09 | – |
| 0.45 | 2.05 | 2.05 | 2.07 | 0.07 | 0.09 | – |
| 0.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.52 | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.14 |
| 0.6 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.93 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.15 |
| 0.7 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.33 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.16 |
| 0.75 | 3.75 | 3.7 | 3.73 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.18 |
| 0.8 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.23 | 0.11 | 0.17 | 0.22 |
| one | five | 4.95 | five | 0.17 | 0.2 | 0.26 |
| one | 6 | 5.95 | 6 | 0.17 | 0.2 | 0.26 |
| 1.25 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.75 | 0.17 | 0.2 | 0.26 |
| 1.25 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.75 | 0.17 | 0.2 | 0.26 |
| 1.5 | 8.5 | 8.43 | 8.5 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.3 |
| 1.5 | 9.5 | 9.43 | 9.5 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.3 |
| 1.75 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 10.25 | 0.21 | 0.27 | 0.36 |
| 2 | 12 | 11.9 | 11.95 | 0.24 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| 2 | fourteen | 13.9 | 13.95 | 0.24 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| 2.5 | 15.5 | 15.35 | 15.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.53 |
| 2.5 | 17.5 | 17.35 | 17.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.53 |
| 2.5 | 19.5 | 19.35 | 19.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.53 |
| 3 | 21 | 20.85 | 20.9 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.53 |
| 3 | 24 | 23.85 | 23.9 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.53 |
| 3.5 | 26.5 | 26.3 | 26.35 | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0.62 |
| 3.5 | 29.5 | 29.3 | 29.35 | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0.62 |
| four | 32 | 31.8 | 31.85 | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0.62 |
| four | 35 | 34.8 | 34.85 | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0.62 |
| 4.5 | 37.5 | 37.25 | 37.3 | 0.41 | 0.55 | 0.73 |
| 4.5 | 40.5 | 40.25 | 40.3 | 0.41 | 0.55 | 0.73 |
| five | 43 | 42.7 | 42.8 | 0.45 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
| five | 47 | 46.7 | 46.8 | 0.45 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
Reading drawings
Technical drawing, rules for the execution of drawings of parts and assembly drawings.
Internal threading is usually straightforward. But there are some features of using the tool and selection of holes for cutting metric threads.
Wrench nut sizes
Key Wrench Dimensions for Hex Bolt Heads and Hex Nuts.
Cutting conditions
Online calculator for calculating cutting conditions for turning.
G and M codes
Examples, description and decoding of Zh and M codes for creating control programs on milling and CNC lathes.
Cutting conditions
Online calculator for calculating cutting data for milling.