How to disassemble a screwdriver: cartridge, battery
Innovative technologies in construction are developing every day, it is no longer a secret that a screwdriver is an indispensable assistant for both an experienced specialist and a novice craftsman. Thanks to him, you can easily tighten all kinds of screws and self-tapping screws when assembling furniture structures, as well as when repairing equipment and living quarters.
- How to remove a chuck from a screwdriver
- How to revive a screwdriver battery
- Repair of the gearbox and screwdriver button
- How to change the chuck for a drill
The fact that any equipment fails over time is no longer news to us, so it becomes possible to disassemble the screwdriver and try to fix it with your own hands. But only without fanaticism, be careful when disassembling, especially such models as: interskol yes 12er 01, interskol yes 18er.
How the cartridge is disassembled
If the fixation of the cartridge is conical, then it is removed simply – by gentle blows with a hammer on the block body. If the fastener is threaded, the following steps are required:
- In the clockwise direction, unscrew the screw with a left-hand thread.
- We squeeze the hexagon in a vice, put the key on it and hit it with a hammer. Likewise, the chuck should move from its original position. You can choose another option:
- Place the screwdriver on a flat surface such as a table..
- Turn it on.
- Observe if the cartridge has moved off the table. when hitting a hexagon.
It also happens that all of the above methods do not work, and then one thing remains – to disassemble the screwdriver, after which:
- Remove the gearbox and spindle;
- Place the assembly in the vise clamps;
- Take the pipe wrench and then detach the chuck.
And if debris is found in the gearbox, then you need to do so.
How to disassemble a screwdriver in general
Let’s analyze the disassembly, an example is a Makita screwdriver:
- We remove the block housing where the battery is located.
- We remove the screws that join the two halves of the case with a Phillips screwdriver.
- We take out everything that is contained inside the tool body.
- Disconnect the reverse button.
- Dismantle the speed switch.
- Disconnect the engine and gearbox.
How a screwdriver works?
What problems can you fix at home? How to recognize this or that breakdown? To give specific answers to the questions asked, let’s first understand the internal mechanism of the tool. The main protruding element is the power button. Used to start the device and to change the speed, direction of rotation of the working part – the chuck.
The setting of the revolutions is carried out thanks to an electronic device based on a transistor. The RPM is directly proportional to the force at which the button is pressed. The reverse is started by replacing the polarity of the electric current at the terminals. Traditionally, the screwdriver is equipped with single-phase collector-type motors that operate on continuous current. The motor includes a body, magnets, anchor and brushes.
Rotation from the motor goes to the gearbox. Further, it converts high engine speeds into low cycles on the shaft, a cartridge with active bits is fixed in it. The gearbox can be used classic, as on a conventional drill, including planetary. Recently, the classic gearbox is almost never used, so we will not stop and go further. The planetary gear includes:
- Ring gear
- Sun gear mounted directly on the motor shaft
- Satellites
- two or three carriers
Then comes the force stabilizer with sixteen positions. These positions give a specific voltage to the self-tapping screw, so as not to spoil the material with which they are attached. The last component is the cartridge.
How to disassemble the battery
- Detach the screws at the bottom of the box.
- Open the box.
- Check and reject components.
- Replace and reassemble.
The mounting screws on the underside can vary from four to six. Often unscrewed with a Phillips screwdriver. The screws are available in various lengths. This must be taken into account so as not to confuse them during assembly. On some modifications, you can find a non-separable case. Then examine the entire surface and find a special strip along which the factory gluing passes. Next, you need to take a strong knife and insert it into the groove, slightly shaking it to the sides. If the case broke into the upper and lower parts, the autopsy was successful. Not a problem if it happens past the groove. All discrepancies can be glued with good superglue. The upper part of the case contains several parts for the battery. On each of these components, the voltage is measured, which must certainly be in the range of the optimal level. If the difference is more than 10%, such a battery needs to be replaced..
Each manufacturer strives to create a tool that will be as convenient as possible in the workflow, creating an extensive range of models – from basic screwdrivers to professional samples..
Hitachi screwdrivers prioritize excellent build quality as well as the practicality of their tools. The Bosch cordless screwdriver collection is virtually indistinguishable from its brethren, which have a 220V cord. Equipped with mode switches, a shutdown button and an accelerator option, Bosch screwdrivers are an excellent solution for home and professional use. In addition, such brands as Interskol, Makita, Cmi, Zubr have proven themselves to be excellent..
How to disassemble a screwdriver
Screwdriver. it is the only technique that ideally combines compactness, energy independence and high functionality. A wide range of tasks can be done with just one small tool. from simple tightening of self-tapping screws and creating holes in soft materials to complex precision work in a large volume.
Compared to other devices of this type, the screwdriver has gained great popularity not only among people involved in construction and repair, but also among home craftsmen. Therefore, he can be safely compared with a man, if he is, then your shelves will be well fixed, pictures are hung, and furniture is securely assembled.
However, despite its many positive qualities, situations may arise when it is necessary to completely disassemble the product in order to change the lubricant or replace worn out and defective parts. Of course, the right decision in this situation would be to visit a service center. But when there is no time for this or the warranty period has long expired, there is only one way out – to restore its performance on your own.
How to properly disassemble a screwdriver
All products are outwardly similar to each other. The design has a characteristic pistol shape, the body is made of durable shockproof plastic, and a keyless chuck is used to attach the working equipment.
Before you start disassembling the tool, you need to study its main components in detail. Since the most popular is battery-powered technology, we will consider it.
The internal filling of the device consists of:
Push button
Regulator of revolutions
Engine
Transistor
Planetary gearbox
Step-by-step instructions for complete disassembly of the screwdriver:
Disconnect the battery pack.
Use a Phillips screwdriver of the correct size to remove the screws that are around the perimeter of the entire case.
Unscrew the screws and detach the case without sudden movements, holding small structural elements.
Pay attention to the speed switch, start and reverse buttons. In order to avoid breakage of these small parts, it is recommended to carefully disconnect them..
To get the gearbox in your hands, release it together with the engine from the second half of the case, hold it in your hands and turn it counterclockwise.
Screwdriver gearbox
It consists of gears and gears interconnected with each other. All small components of the mechanism are compactly placed in a rigid plastic case (crankcase). They are reliably protected from the ingress of foreign objects and work on the principle of a single ensemble.
Depending on the type, the gearbox can be planetary and classical. Since the second is practically not used anymore, we will consider the design of the planetary mechanism, as well as the principle of its operation.
The gearbox design includes the following components:
Ring gear, which is located in the center of the mechanism.
Driven gear (carrier). It reliably fixes the axles of several planetary gears “satellites” located relative to each other. They have the same diameter and engage with the teeth on the inner surface of the “cogwheel”. Construction parts can be plastic or metal.
Gearbox for screwdriver with two-stroke motor
Depending on the number of gears, the reducer can be single-stage or multi-stage. The most common are the mechanisms consisting of two gears (two-stage). Their principle of operation consists in the rotation of satellites, which are driven by the circular motion of the ring gear of the engine. The use of such a mechanism allows you to make the speed of the carrier an order of magnitude lower than the speed of the motor.
The sequence of actions is as follows: the rotational movements of the first carrier go to the second, which in turn is connected to the chuck shaft. The transmission takes place through the central gear. The trinity of stellites of the second block works on the same principle as the first, as a result. the second carrier gets even lower revs. This action is typical for a two-stage gearbox. In the case of the three-stage, another planetary gear is added.
Disconnect the gearbox from the electric motor using the method described above..
Remove the plate and start taking out all the parts in order.
Unscrew the screws connecting the two halves of the gearbox.
If necessary, use pliers to adjust the spring diameter downwards, this will improve the engagement of the first gear.
Clean and lubricate the main components.
Assemble the entire mechanism, performing all the steps in reverse order..
It is worth noting that the reducer. this is a mechanism that is practically impossible to repair. The components of this mechanism are not produced by manufacturers. If the wires can be soldered, and the button replaced, then in the case of teeth and gears, only one way will be correct. complete replacement of this node.
How to remove a chuck from a screwdriver
A keyless chuck is used in the screwdriver, which is the most loaded, and therefore the most wearing part of the entire mechanism. It can be fixed by the following method:
Morse taper. the chuck has the same tapered bore as the shank.
2. Threaded method. the chuck is screwed onto the threaded end of the shaft.
3. Screw method. the chuck is secured with a fixing screw.
To determine which connection method is used in your tool, you need to inspect it and pay attention to the digital markings on the side of it. If you see the inscription 1-6 B10, then the Morse taper is used in the design of the cartridge. The numbers indicated show that the maximum and minimum diameter of the drill shank that can be clamped into the chuck is 1.6 mm. B 10.Morse taper size.
The threaded connection can be metric and inch. In the first case, it will look like. 1.0-11 M12x1.25. In the second. 2-13 mm ½-20 UNF.
Marking on the screwdriver chuck
Removing the cartridge
Threaded connection :
Unscrew the screw fixing using the L-shaped hex key.
Place the key with its short edge into the chuck and clamp it tightly in the jaws of a vise.
Put the device in drilling mode and turn it on at low speed. The free edge of the key should hit a table or other hard object.
Unscrew the chuck by turning the key.
Threaded connection with fixing screw:
Open the inner jaws of the chuck..
Unscrew the left-hand screw connection clockwise with a screwdriver.
Take the hex L key and clamp it tightly in the chuck with the short edge.
Try to turn it sharply counterclockwise..
If the chuck does not come off, hit the edge of the wrench with a hammer. It should loosen and come off the thread easily..
Morse taper
To remove the chuck fixed by the conical method, a couple of careful blows with a hammer on the body are enough.
How to properly charge the battery
There are 3 main types of batteries used for screwdrivers: Li-Ion (lithium-ion), Ni-Cd (nickel-cadmium) and Ni-MH (nickel-metal hydride). Each of the options requires a different and precise adherence to the correct mode of operation..
Li-Ion. the most common battery. Its main advantages are small size, weight, fast charging and no memory effect. The downside is the fear of low temperatures. As for the price, compared to other types of batteries, it is an order of magnitude higher.
To start using the battery, it is enough to completely discharge it once and charge it to 100%. Then you can safely operate it without thinking about the amount of charge. The only caveat. charged storage. This is necessary so that the internal parts do not dry out (optimal mode. 60% charge).
Ni-Cd is also one of the most common types of batteries, with a large capacity and small size. The price is much cheaper in relation to other types of batteries. The main disadvantage. the presence of a memory effect. Before using such a power source, it is necessary to complete 3 complete discharge / charge cycles. Failure to do so could result in a significant drop in battery capacity..
Ni-MH is a less popular battery, the undoubted advantage of which is absolute environmental friendliness and lack of memorization. The only imperfection. high self-discharge current. That is, when it is idle for a long time, it is completely discharged, and each subsequent charge increases the self-discharge current. If you forget to charge such a battery, it will fail over time. Before starting to use, the battery, like a lithium-ion one, must be immediately discharged and put on charge up to 100%.
And in conclusion
Based on this article, you can independently disassemble the screwdriver for the purpose of minor repairs, cleaning and lubricating the internal components. This should be done only if during the operation of the equipment you notice any interference, for example, speed modes do not switch or this happens with a certain delay. It is not recommended to use gears or couplings from other tools. Outwardly, they may look suitable, but in fact they do not correspond to the components of this model..
In order for the equipment to serve you as long as possible, and it does not have to be disassembled often, follow these simple rules:
- Do not operate the device at high speeds for a long time.
- Check how charged your battery is before use.
- The fit size of the nozzle must match the fit size of the tool.
- After changing the bit, make sure that the chuck is correctly locked..
Dismantling of individual components
How to disassemble a screwdriver
A modern cordless screwdriver is an indispensable home and work tool, which has long entered the rank of a must-have set for any self-respecting craftsman. It is useful to know and be able to quickly disassemble it to correct any malfunctions in the operation of the power tool, or simply to carry out preventive maintenance.
Cartridge
Before disassembling the cartridge, you should determine the way in which it is fixed:
- traditional – with a Morse taper;
- threaded – by a screwed chuck on the threaded end of the shaft;
- with a retainer – the cartridge is secured with a retaining screw.
In the first case, the cartridge is dismantled by gentle blows to the body with a hammer..
In the second case, after removing the threaded screw (left), clamp the hexagon in a vise and use a wrench to make gentle blows with a hammer on it. This should help the chuck to move..
There is also a method in which the screwdriver is placed on the table and turned on. At this moment, when the hexagon touches the surface of the tabletop, the chuck can move and it can be easily removed. But if this method did not work, then you will have to disassemble the entire tool, remove the gearbox and spindle; clamp the assembly in a vice and unscrew the chuck with a wrench.
Reducer
To disassemble the gearbox, it is necessary to make some simple manipulations: in the open screwdriver case, we disconnect the motor and gearbox, dismantle the plate; we extract the details; we unscrew the bolts fixing the constituent elements of this unit. To improve the start of the first gear, it is necessary to correct the diameter of the spring in the direction of its reduction. We begin to disassemble the coupling, remove the retaining ring, washers and bearing; remove the shaft.
Where to start?
Let’s take the tool apart. It consists of several main parts:
- Electrical engine;
- speed regulator;
- reverse movement device;
- reducer;
- battery;
- attachment point for replaceable nozzles.
Battery
If there are problems with the battery, then you should think about the expediency of repair: most of the cost of the entire screwdriver (60-70%) is made up of the cost of the battery. If there are serious problems with this part of the tool, then buying a new product can be a more profitable measure than repairing a broken one. Otherwise, when there is an opportunity and desire to repair the battery pack, it should also be disassembled into its component parts. The battery compartment may not have fasteners, which means that the model is with a non-separable body, but even this option lends itself to dismantling:
- unscrew all fasteners on the body or remove the adhesive from the surfaces of the non-separable body and carefully separate the parts of the shell. It is recommended to do this with a knife, screwdriver or other similar tool, which must be inserted into the groove between the two parts of the case and separate the parts from each other with loosening movements;
- disconnect and take out the batteries;
- check and remove non-working elements.
Electric motor
To disassemble the motor, carefully remove the rotor from the stator, preventing damage to their winding.
Hyundai cordless drill
How the cartridge works
Two basic designs are used.
- Cam – fixing occurs using an L-shaped key inserted perpendicularly.
- Quick-clamping – for fixing it is necessary to clamp one cylinder of the body by hand, rotating the other cylinder around its own axis.
Cam lobes are less convenient, but provide a more reliable connection. When the key is turned, the adjusting sleeve compresses the steel cams until they close.
Quick-action clamps tighten faster. They don’t require a key.
Types of quick-clamping structures
- One-sleeve – one hand is enough to install the bit, since one of the body parts is fixed automatically.
- Double-clutch – both parts are movable, and one of them must be held with your hand so that it does not rotate.
If you need to replace the chuck on a screwdriver, it should be noted that single-sleeve are used only on tools with locks.
The material is plastic or metal. Plastic products are less reliable, but it is more convenient to work with them, since they weigh less.
Bort cordless drill
Consider another example: 4 – 15 mm ½ – 22 UNF. The inscription says that bits with a diameter of 4 to 15 mm can be used, ½ is the thread size in inches, 22 is the number of threads (threaded turns) in an inch.
Methods for attaching the chuck to the shaft
There are two main ways.
- On the thread – the sleeve is screwed onto the shaft.
- With the help of the Morse taper – the taper shank is inserted into the hole on the spindle corresponding to its size. This method is one of the most effective and has been used for over a hundred years..
The fixing screw gives additional strength to the connection.
Sleeve with fixing screw
The screw is located between the cams. To get to its head, you need to spread them apart. Using a Phillips screwdriver, twist it clockwise. Then insert a hex key into the cams and move it counterclockwise. The movement should be sharp. You will have to make an effort to move the joint. Over time, the connection becomes very strong. If the key is not enough, a hammer can be used.
Cordless drill-screwdriver Interskol
Threaded connection
For work, you need an L-shaped ten-millimeter hexagon. It is inserted into the cams, clamped tightly and rotated. It is more convenient to fix the hexagon in your hand or on a support and turn on the engine at low speeds. It should only work for a fraction of a second. This is usually enough to loosen the connection and remove the sleeve without hindrance. If the method does not work, the tool should be disassembled to approach the joint from the other side..
Soldering new cans
Immediately after freeing the frame and the board from the old batteries, new ones can be connected to them. Before soldering, it is recommended to properly clean the surfaces on the cans and on the board itself from the remnants of past soldering. This will allow you to achieve better contact for a long time..
Now all new cans from other devices are placed in the appropriate places on the frame and are soldered to the power controller one by one. It is recommended to do this with a thick nozzle on a soldering iron, since a lot of solder will be needed. The contact must be very reliable and have a large contact area.
After sequential assembly, it is recommended to wrap the entire structure in special paper and place it back into the case. Then the battery is reassembled and closed with a cover that is fastened with screws.
Before use, the battery must be recharged at a special station to its full capacity, and only then only connect it to a screwdriver for testing. If done correctly, the battery will become functional again..
Replacement banks can be removed from other batteries or purchased separately. The cost for them is quite decent, but still manual replacement will cost much less than buying a new battery..
Battery disassembly
First of all, it is necessary to disassemble the battery of the Makita screwdriver. To do this, it is disconnected from the screwdriver, and then all the screws are unscrewed from it. The battery case opens and you can see the design of the cell itself. There will be 10 cans, soldered together and soldered to the power controller.
It is necessary to disconnect the banks from the board. For this, a drill with a special attachment is used..
How to repair a Makita screwdriver
One of the most common problems with a Makita screwdriver is first speed problems. At the same time, everything functions perfectly at second speed. This problem is associated with a malfunction of the tool reducer, which does not allow effective use of the first speed. Consider how to get rid of this problem and repair the screwdriver.
How to disassemble Makita electric battery drill
Using a drill
The bolts are processed with a drill from the sides and, if necessary, shortened in length. It is necessary to give the bolts the shape of a real tooth and provide for the installation of the crown without interference.
Important! It is not recommended to overheat the bolt while working with the drill. Otherwise, it can become very hot and melt the surrounding plastic. The gear housing will deform, leading to more serious problems. So you need to take breaks while working. To let the bolt cool down.
Once the teeth are ready, the gear ring can be reinserted. If everything is done correctly, then it will insert without any interference. Two teeth are usually enough to restore the gearbox to work, so screwing in more bolts is not logical.
Disassembly of the gearbox
The first step is to disassemble the tool itself and separate the gearbox. Now it is important to remove all unnecessary details at this stage. To do this, simply empty all the gears from the gearbox. It is worth noting that if there is no information about the exact location of each part, it is better to disassemble it sequentially and carefully..
Record and mark the location of the gears. This is necessary for a high-quality assembly of the gearbox after repair work. You can also use tutorial videos or articles..
How to disassemble a Makita screwdriver
To disassemble the Makita screwdriver, you must first disconnect the battery. Then, in the tool body, all the screws that hold the two halves together are unscrewed. After that, the body is removed, and all external components are opened in front of the master: motor, gearbox and switch. It is also worth noting that in such models, special plates are often installed, which are responsible for switching modes. If the disassembly is not very attentive, a small plate can simply not be noticed. After disassembly, you can immediately proceed with the repair of the corresponding part..
Disconnecting cans from the board
Using a drill with a disk nozzle, the cans are sawn off from the board. The connections of each contact with the controller are sequentially removed, and the elements are disconnected from the common frame.
It is necessary to do this quite carefully so as not to damage the board itself, but hard enough to completely disconnect.
Screwing in bolts instead of teeth
After all the gears are removed from the gearbox, the inside of the device will open to the eye. Given the specifics of the problem, most likely the master will see that all the plastic teeth on the inside have been ground off. This happens during long-term use of the device, or in case of gross violation of the rules of use. The plastic teeth are soft enough that they simply grind off under the influence of temperature and constant mechanical stress. This leads to the fact that the main gear has nothing to catch and it starts to scroll..
To repair and restore functionality, it is necessary to restore the teeth. In this case, there is no need to restore all the teeth, but it is enough to install two iron.
To accomplish what you want, you need a drill, small bolts and a drill. It is advisable to use a diamond-coated drill, as it will effectively grind off the excess part of the bolt in a relatively short time..
Work order:
- At the location of the plastic tooth, a hole is drilled in the side wall of the gearbox. Use a drill bit slightly smaller than the diameter of the bolt. So it will be possible to screw it in with effort and ensure a secure fit..
- Two holes must be drilled diagonally to ensure a secure hold of the gearbox and stable tool performance. Thus, the load will be distributed over two teeth..
- During drilling, it is advisable to direct the drill slightly downward so that later the bolt does not stick out upward. Otherwise, it will take much longer to process it with a drill..
- Now you need to forcefully screw the bolts into the holes obtained..
Repair of the Makita screwdriver
Repair of the button of the screwdriver “Makita”
The on / off button of the instrument is a complex electronic mechanism. It consists of several elements that make it up:
RESTORATION AND REPAIR MAKITA 18 VOLT lxt COMBI CORDLESS DRILL TOOL RESTORATION DHP483z
- start buttons;
- reverse buttons;
- buttons for switching the speed of revolutions;
- soft start buttons.
When repairing a button, you first need to disassemble it by unscrewing the screws that secure the case and disconnecting the battery. After that, you must check the connections and contacts for dirt, clean them. If cleaning the contacts did not help to fix the problem, the button should be replaced as a complete.
Description, general information
Makita screwdrivers are very powerful. The average stroke rate for various models is about 2300 rpm, which is a good indicator compared to other brands. The weight of most models of tools is within 1.5 kg. Its small mass means that it will be comfortable to work with such a tool. The manufacturer also took care of the convenience of working in poorly lit rooms, making LED backlighting for most models. Separately, it is worth highlighting the type of handle for holding these tools on the weight. As a rule, they are made rubberized, and therefore it is convenient to hold them in a brush, respectively, the work process is much easier.
The disadvantage of these screwdrivers is the strong vibration of the handle during operation, as well as their short-lived batteries. In addition, the price for the products of this company is quite high, which is important for the domestic consumer..
Repair of the gearbox of the Makita screwdriver (diagram)
To remove the gearbox, you need to disassemble the case by unscrewing the screws with a Phillips screwdriver. We take out the start button, the reverse switch button, disconnect the bolts securing the engine to the gearbox. Then you need to take out the contents of the gearbox (various gears), the speed selector washer. When examining an empty gearbox, special attention should be paid to the teeth located around the circumference of the gearbox housing. If they are worn out, the gearbox will not be able to perform its function: the speed switch will not work correctly. To restore the teeth, it is necessary to use small bolts, inserting them in place of the original plastic ones. The gearbox must be assembled in the reverse order. The gearbox diagram is shown in the figure below. It shows a general diagram of the gearbox.
Repair of the charger of the Makita screwdriver
When repairing the charger, it is necessary to loosen the screws securing the housing covers. Inside there is a printed circuit board with contacts. First you need to check the transformer with a tester. To do this, you need to measure the output voltage. Then you should ring the cable to exclude its fracture. Then the primary and secondary windings of the transformer and the fuse are checked. You need to collect it in the reverse order..
Dismantling the Makita screwdriver
To disassemble the screwdriver, you need a Phillips screwdriver and some personal time. To disassemble the screwdriver completely, you need:
- unscrew the screws securing the case;
- remove the composite start button mechanism;
- remove the electric motor together with the gearbox;
- disconnect the gearbox from the engine by unscrewing the bolts that hold them together.
To disassemble the battery of a screwdriver, you need to loosen the bolts connecting the body, or separate the body joints on an adhesive basis using a soldering iron. Inside the battery there are several nickel-cadmium batteries with a certain capacity and carrying a charge. In case of battery repair, they need to be replaced with new ones.
The chuck is changed with a screwdriver and a hex wrench. First, use a screwdriver to loosen the fixing screw in the chuck by turning it clockwise. Then the hexagon is inserted, the reverse button is turned on, it is clamped, and then the chuck easily lends itself.
Brushes for the Makita screwdriver
The brushes used for the screwdriver are graphite-based. Their cost today varies between 2–5 USD. e. They are located in the motor housing and are two graphite cubes fixed on metal plates. With intensive work, they wear out and wear out.
For DIY repairs, you can file them out of brushes from another tool, such as a car starter, with a file. After grooving, they should be inserted into the brush holder and put in place by assembling the motor.