How to drill through a wall for wiring with a hole punch

Dimpling of the walls under the wiring with their own hands

This procedure is carried out quite often, shrewd walls for wiring can be carried out with their own hands, the main thing. to follow the rules I have indicated.

Often the wiring in the house is replaced as part of the repair work. Since modern cables cope with all requirements, withstand the load of an abundance of different equipment and meet stringent standards.

New wires are inserted into the walls. This is a measure of operational safety and maintaining the design of the room.

It is necessary to know how to perform the slotting for outlets, for cables, and for sewage. Deep channels of standard parameters are created in the ceiling or wall surface and wires are placed there.

Standards and restrictions on the assimilation of walls for wiring

There are regulations that must be followed. They are reflected in SNiP 3.05.06-85. Their list is as follows:

  • The maximum depth of the strokes. 2.5 cm, width. 3 cm, the length from the unplugging box to the socket or light device. 3 m.
  • You can drill under cables only in vertical or horizontal vector.
  • Point 2 excludes walls from the attic because they have an inclined position. They must be drilled in parallel with respect to the slope of the roof.
  • On the wall surface the minimum distance from the floor slabs is 15 cm, from the gas pipe and battery. 40 cm, from windows and doors. 10 cm.
  • Electrical wiring should have a minimum of bends. I recommend their total exclusion or allow one turn at an angle of 90 degrees.
  • It is forbidden to drill in such places as: room corners, bearing walls, floor slabs.
  • Because of the formation of large amounts of dust requires protection: respirator, goggles, mask, etc.д.

Important

Prior to the start of the operation on the paper shows the scheme with the installation areas of all points and loops of the planned installation.

Driving through walls for wiring with your own hands is accompanied by high noise. The walls begin to vibrate, and it gives off all the neighboring apartments. For this reason, such operations should be carried out on weekdays from 10 am to 5 pm.

Wiring methods

The best option for professionals believe the device unit, which will play the role of a place for laying cables. Stroe are a channel into which the wiring is laid. After that the channel with the cable is sealed with mortar.

The peculiarity of this option of laying wiring is that it is completely hidden in the wall. In this way concealed laying is achieved. Of course, this option is used mainly in brick and monolithic houses. In skeleton and log houses, this method is extremely undesirable, since it is a fire hazard.

If the house has a wall made of a framework covered with plasterboard, it is better to use them for laying the cable. In this case, there is no need to make trenches, because the wiring is laid directly in the hollow wall.

Review of pipes for electrical wiring: PVC, HDPE, metal

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Standards and restrictions when drilling into the wall for wiring

It is not necessary to pick up the tool and crush the wall before the preparatory procedures have been carried out. Make sure you do not overdo the number of outlets, switches, and other points. The presence of each device must be necessary. To place ten outlets on one wall “just because” does not make sense. It is necessary to take into account the material of the wall and choose the necessary tools accordingly.

In SNiP 3.05.06-85 prescribes regulations that are important to consider when distributing cables to walls. Ideally, you should study them thoroughly, so that you do not have to repeat the repair later.

  • Horizontal and vertical positioning of the drawings, no oblique lines with few exceptions (for example, in the attic).
  • Maximum one turn of kerfing that connects the two nearest points, as the wire is bent, which leads to a slight overheating. The presence of two or more places of overheating will result in a dangerous situation.
  • The maximum width of the hole is 30, the depth is 25-26 mm. The total length of the cable routing through the hole from the distribution box to a particular point must be no more than 3 m.
  • The distance from the battery and gas pipes. 400 mm (although we recommend increasing it to at least 500), the door. 100, the ceiling and floor. 10 mm.
  • It is forbidden to drill through internal bearing walls. Dismantling to a maximum depth specified above will not have a negative impact on the outer part of the load-bearing wall, but for partition walls in the apartment requires a special permit. This question is particularly relevant for houses of panel type. You must be especially careful when drilling through the walls on the first floor of a residential building with two or more stories, because in addition to the roof, the walls hold the rest of the structure.
  • Do not make cuts in reinforced concrete structures, which can destroy their integrity and loss of strength. If there is an urgent need, you will have to do with small grooves or use the cable ducts located on the surface of the wall.
  • Making a hole in the ceiling, calculate the shortest path to the light fixture, and lay it.
  • It is forbidden to drill through floor slabs. If you want to place wiring on the floor, the best solution is to hide the cable in a concrete screed. On the other hand, try to avoid even that: imagine the consequences if a cable burns out in the floor.
  • It’s easier to put in brick walls, it’s harder to put in concrete walls. And this is where we need to choose the tool.
  • Use a face mask or respirator to protect your respiratory system.

Tip! Drilling is accompanied by a strong noise, and due to the fact that the process affects the walls, vibration only enhances this effect. You will be heard by all the neighbors in the house, so the process should only be performed at the time specified for this work (usually from 10 to 17 hours).

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Marking for drilling

Begin the work after the preliminary marking of the walls, which must comply with the wiring project. First mark the places of installation of outlets, lamps, switches, then from them draw vertical lines up to the horizontal wiring, which connect to the junction box. For marking use plumb, spirit level, laser level plotter.

To ensure that the strength of the walls and safe operation of electrical networks, it is necessary to observe the recommended distances for routing furrows:

  • from floor and ceiling. 150-400 mm;
  • From corners, niches, columns, edges of door or window apertures. not less than 100 mm;
  • from gas lines, heating radiators. not closer than 400 mm;
  • from the junction box to each point. not more than 3 m.

On the walls of grooves for wiring are drawn in a straight parallel lines, one away from the other the width of the channel. For sockets, switches or junction boxes are marked with circles of appropriate diameter.

Horizontal cuts may be made only from above, closer to the ceiling, in order not to weaken the load-bearing capacity of the wall in the lower, most stressed section.

Wall drilling tools for wiring

Notch cutting can be done by hand or power tool. For small amounts of work a chisel combined with a hammer, sledgehammer or torch can be used.

Chisel is a metal rod of rectangular, round or polygonal section with a flat pointed end. When you hit the butt end, a flat face, the tip plunges into the concrete or brick, splitting or cutting it. Edges of dowels when such processing is uneven, there is a risk of damaging the wall material around the channel, chipping off a large piece of plaster.

The walls of aerated concrete are well amenable to mechanical processing, so you can cut furrows with an electric drill. First, along the future hole drilled at small increments, then the chisel gently remove the inner content. The work is rather labor-intensive, and the quality of notches is not high. But for short sections it is quite possible to use this method.

Much better result when using an angle grinder. an angle grinder with a diamond disk on concrete. It cuts neat furrows with very smooth edges at high speed. The disadvantage of such processing of walls. a large allocation of dust, so it is optimal to use in conjunction with an angle grinder industrial vacuum cleaner, and the apertures should be tightly covered with a film. Respiratory system should be protected with a respirator.

And finally, the fourth, most technological way. the use of specialized strombolzers for channel cutting. The tool is quite powerful and handy, cuts through the furrows of a given depth in 1 stroke. For large amounts of work, it is best to use this type of machine.

What is tunneling in walls?

Wall drilling is cutting through the wall with the help of specialized electrical equipment for all kinds of needs. One of the most striking examples of a case when you may need such an operation is the drilling of walls for the purpose of laying wiring.

Routing is intended for laying electrical cables or other communications and facilities that need to hide. Operation is accompanied by a lot of dust and dirt, and requires a special tool.

Methods of drilling

There are four basic methods for making grooves. The main difference between them lies in the use of the tool and the resulting technologies of application.

  • Hammer and chisel. The downside of this method is the inconvenience of working with “grandfather’s” tools. Even with good skills comes out long and with crooked lines. A huge plus can be called a cost. it’s cheap.
  • Impact drill. Minus. notch with uneven edges. Pros. quick process and relative cleanliness at work.
  • angle grinder. Disadvantages. a large amount of dust, which is difficult to collect even with a construction vacuum cleaner. The advantage is that it makes a flat cut in a short amount of time.
  • Stitch cutter. Disadvantages. high cost of the tool. Too expensive for a single use. Pros. quickly, not so noisy, smooth edges of the ditch, no dust.

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The process of drilling with different tools

Hammer and chisel

The whole process is divided into small segments. First, the chisel marks the recesses at the edges of the chisel by one or two widths of its tip. After that, putting it across the furrow, knocked out part of the wall in depth. Then you can continue to remove the top layer on the planned line and at the end begin to deepen already 25 mm along the entire length. You can also deepen the hole at once after each removal of the top layer. With these tools, it is almost unrealistic to make a stitch if the wall is concrete.

Peorator

Two nozzles with a wide and short auger and a spatula are used. Firstly along the entire length of the line, which outlined the location of the furrow, drilled a hole depth of 25 mm at a distance of about 10-15 mm from each other. After that the trowel is used to make the hole. The main thing is not to put a spatula across the line Stroebe, so as not to break off an extra piece of wall or plaster. As a result, you will get a groove of the required depth and width, but the appearance will not be very attractive. Roving with a feather is the fastest and cleanest process.

drill, wall, wiring, hole

angle grinder, angle grinder

When using an angle grinder, you should purchase a diamond disk, only so you can normally and without problems protrubit concrete or brick, and in the case of plaster the process will go easily. First, two parallel notches are made along the entire planned line with a distance between them equal to the desired width of the jamb. You can then use a lever or a chisel to cut all the material between the cuts to the required depth. In fact, so the whole process is virtually identical to the previous methods, except that as a result of the hole is much smoother. This is very important, especially if you want to minimize damage to plaster or wall finish.

During the work of the angle grinder will produce a very large amount of dust, and very soon the whole room will be filled with it. To solve this problem, you can use a vacuum cleaner, preferably an industrial one. You will need a second person as a helper to hold the suction tube closer to the cut.

Stretch cutter

In essence, the grommel is a logical modification of the variant with an angle grinder. This machine already has the option of installing two diamond cutting discs and adjusting the distance between them. Both circuits are covered with a special hood that completely covers the point of contact with the wall. By adjusting the position of the cover you can change the depth to which you will cut through the wall. In most cases the cover is also equipped with a special outlet to install the suction pipe from a vacuum cleaner.

Thanks to all of the above, you get a perfectly smooth and parallel cuts, and performed shrewing walls without dust. After cutting around the edges of the chink again need to peoratorom pick up the excess material. The disadvantage of this method is the price of the tool itself. It is too high for home use.

Rules and restrictions when wiring

Do not immediately grab the chisel and hammer. You should first depict on paper wiring plan and think about the location of all points of connection and outlets wiring, such as sockets, switches, and terminals for lighting. You must also take into account the material of the wall and ways to drill through it. The basic rules according to which wires are distributed in the walls are described in the normative documents SNiP 3.05.06-85. Do not neglect them, it is better once do not be lazy and become familiar with it, so you know how to correctly draw for wiring walls. The main points are the following points:

  • Driving under the wiring should be carried out in parallel with the main structures of the building, that is, only vertically or horizontally. Allowed to bend the hole only in the case of laying parallel to sloping walls, for example, in the attic.
  • Driving through horizontally should not exceed 150 mm from the floor slabs.
  • Vertical hole (furrow) must be separated from the door, window openings and corners of not less than 100 mm, and from the gas pipes. not less than 400 mm.
  • Width and depth of the junction box should not exceed 25 mm. The length of one hole must not exceed three meters.
  • It is desirable to minimize the turns of the junction box on the way from the switch box to the switch or socket. It is best if limited to one angle of transition from horizontal to vertical without taking into account the turns in the horizontal plane in the joints of the walls.
  • You can’t make horizontal hollows in a load-bearing construction. This applies to all walls in a panel building, because they are all load-bearing walls, except for small partitions.

According to these rules, the layout of the wiring is made. After that you can directly perform shrovelling of the walls. [help]”Can we screw through load-bearing walls??”Roving in walls is subject to the rules for alterations that may vary slightly from region to region. However, according to generally accepted norms, such actions are not allowed in all types of typical apartment buildings.[/help]

Tools and methods of jutting

There are several ways to shrovlyut, depending on the tool used:

drill, wall, wiring, hole
  • with a hammer and chisel. Long, inconvenient, uneven chisel. But cheap;
  • With a hammer or an impact drill. Clean enough and fast. Strobing is not very smooth;
  • angle grinder. The groove turns out flat, but a huge amount of dust is produced, which is difficult to catch even with an industrial vacuum cleaner;
  • screwdriver. Using a specialized tool, you can get a perfectly flat hole with a given depth and width. However, everything is spoiled by the price of the tool itself.
drill, wall, wiring, hole

In any variant of the procedure is about the same.

Rules

The considered operation is performed according to the rules:

  • Driving under wiring should be done in parallel with the basic structures of the building vertically or horizontally.
  • Horizontal strobing should be performed with at least 150 mm indentation directly from the floor slabs.
  • Trunking in a vertical movement should be 100 mm away from doors, windows and corners, and 400 mm from the gas pipes.
  • The length of the groove should not exceed three meters, and the width and depth can be no more than 25 mm.
  • It is not recommended to make horizontal furrows in supporting constructions.

How to quickly tap for a cable or socket

The right tool gives the opportunity to quickly hollow out the wall for a cable or socket. The choice must be made according to the material of the particular wall, its characteristics and location. The fast and easy option is to use peorator or impact drill, but in this case the hole can be uneven.

To what depth is forbidden to drill through load-bearing walls

In the case when drilling is carried out in the load-bearing walls it is not worth it to exceed the depth of 20-30 mm. At this depth, as a rule, there is an armature, damage to which can not only have catastrophic consequences, but also is a violation of legal regulations.

How to make a trench

Regardless of the chosen variant of work, the general order of operations will be common, and it is presented below:

Do I have to work before plastering?

After work and cable laying in the trenches remains dust and dirt, which prevent good adhesion of primer with the wall. Armed with gloves and a broad brush should be a generous layer of caulk in the wall along its entire length.

Installing the cable in a groove

Before you tap the wall for wiring, you must determine the size of the channels. Cables are placed only in special sleeves (corrugated). This increases the fire safety of the wiring itself due to natural ventilation and makes it possible to replace the cable without disturbing the wall covering. Sleeves can be plastic or metal.

Smooth or corrugated polyethylene or vinyl pipes are used in residential areas.

Corrugated hoses allow to do without fittings, angles or connectors. Ribbed surface provides additional rigidity under mechanical stress. Available in different diameters of sleeves that can facilitate shrovelling walls for wiring by reasonably reduce the size of the junction.

Corrugated pipe for wiring. Photo

After pulling the cable into the sleeve, it is fixed in the hole with plaster mortar or plaster mixture that can quickly set. The fixing is done in small sections, every 1 meter. The places of turns are necessarily fixed on both sides at a distance of 3-5 cm.

Holes for switches, sockets, boxes

Since these attributes are an integral part of any electrical circuit, there is often a need for additional elements. In this case, the method is somewhat different.

drill, wall, wiring, hole
  • First, in the center of the future circle peoratorom make a small hole, its diameter of about 8 mm;
  • using the crown bit make a small notch on the contour of the future hole, then along it drill small, thin holes (8 to 10);
  • the core is drilled to the end, and then all unnecessary things are removed.

To install the switchboard, make a hole that has a rectangular shape. Its dimensions are adjusted according to the height, depth and width of the future shield, leaving a small reserve during the operation. Fix the body of the tool in the drilled hole with plaster mortar.

How to do the job?

Wall boring, if you exclude working with wooden bases, is a very dusty job. To prevent entry of small particles into the respiratory tract, it is better to arm with a respirator in advance. The usual gauze bandage is not a panacea, it is able to help only in one case. if the master uses a chisel and hammer.

A respirator is needed for work with serious power tools. Since dust is not the only threat, you need extra protection against flying pieces of concrete, broken walls, plaster. Wear tight clothing with long sleeves, gloves and glasses. It is better to replace the last device with the maximum safe transparent shield.

Any work with wiring requires strict observance of all rules. Such an approach will prevent a possible security breach of the apartment. Otherwise, any “self-will and amateurism” will bring trouble on the owners: maybe not “punishment from heaven,” but the wrath and punishment of the regulatory authorities. with a high degree of probability. So it’s the homeowners’ responsibility, especially in high-rise buildings, to be up to code.

It is not difficult to perform accurate routing for the walls with your own hands, but a high-quality work will guarantee the reliability and safety of electricity. To properly assess the extent of the upcoming “deed”, it is better to see how others do it. For example, in the reality of the independent solution to the problem will help to make sure that