How a rotary mower works
A rotary mower for a power tiller is a type of attachment whose function is to mow weeds and bushes on meadows and fields. This device successfully copes with the removal of grass on large areas where the soil is not treated with herbicides.
Rotary mower is often also called disc mower. this is due to its working principle and design features. Depending on how it is connected to a power tiller, this mower can be semi-mounted, mounted or trailed. Also this type of mounted equipment is classified by the location of cutting elements in relation to a used power tiller. By this factor rotary mowers with front, rear and lateral location of cutting blades are distinguished.
The rotary mower is driven in the field by the transmission and the wheels of the tiller. The design of such attachment is extremely simple. one or several cutting discs together with the support wheel are fixed on the frame. As soon as the land wheel starts moving, the cutting discs rotate with it.
The range of uses of the rotary mower is quite wide, since it can be used on pastures, meadows and large vegetable gardens. That said, the more discs included in the design of the equipment. the larger the area that can be handled.
On the photo makeshift mower for power tiller
To make the frame, use 40 cm corners. The machine is equipped with knives from an old rotary mower. If the Polish model is used, it has to be accelerated by 3 cm. Otherwise the traction on the minitractor will not be enough.
2 discs 39 cm in diameter are cut from 4 mm thick sheet metal. The knives are attached to them (they must rotate freely). The cutting elements will mow the grass when they move due to the centrifugal force.
The scoop discs (diameter 45 cm) are used to make the lower supports. Shafts can be made of metal pipe with a diameter of 30 mm. The device is equipped with two bearings:
The disc and blades are mounted on a shaft. Pulleys are welded to the tube. The resulting construction allows a cutting width of 110-115 cm. In this case the shaft rotation is 1400. The device has a cover. To extend belt life it is recommended to install a bearing in the connection point between mower and tractor. To simplify the construction, specialists advise to weld the lower disc to the frame. Specific speed. 10 km/h. In this case the grass is cut to a height of 5 cm. The resulting rotary mower is used to harvest corn.
A rotary mower for an MTZ tractor makes agricultural work much easier. As the name implies, they are designed for mowing weeds or crops.
The design of swiveling devices is quite simple: a supporting frame on which rotors with blades are fixed. Cutting elements are attached to the rotors using hinges, which ensures their mobility.
The mower is driven by a toothed or bevel gear or via a cardan shaft. Some models have an additional function of collecting and treating weeds.
In this article we will look at popular rotary mowers, which can be operated by MTZ tractor.
single axle tractor with haymower
So, as a result of a long struggle to find a compromise, we have arrived:
There were already reports on the walking tractor, I will not repeat them. The engine is great, the quality of assembly of all the rest. the Soviet. In particular after 5 minutes of work the bolt that fixes the pulley on the engine shaft blew out with a hiss. Good thing there was a shield. And after 10 minutes of work was lost headstock from the shifter, stupidly unscrewed despite found traces of glue But found another tear off the rubber band with the right handlebar, and so on. In general, you need to glue and tighten everything. The main complaint. the bolt that attaches the handlebar to the tiller, as conceived by the designers should provide easy repositioning it on the side to go to the side of the tiller. In fact, the whole handlebar is attached to the base with a bolt, which screwed up to the nut in the middle.е. just pressed down. You have to pull it up all the time. I’m thinking of finishing the threads on the bolt to pull it through this assembly and tighten it with the nut on the bottom. Of course it will be more difficult to change the wheel, but it is not necessary to tighten it all the time.
Now for the mower. I noticed right away that the shaft on which the tensioner is installed is not parallel to the main structure, as a result after installing the tensioner it turns out that the roller curves the belt trajectory. I cured it by bending the tensioner part where the roller is mounted. Let’s go the first belt was killed in about 15 minutes The worst thing is that even little belt looseness caused by overheating leads to the fact that it is already impossible to use it, because its tensioning is performed by tensioning roller or by changing the mower itself by one “hole” on the console. As a result the belt is stretched and the tensioner is not enough, and resetting the mower leads to the fact that even with the tensioner lever lowered the belt is still stretched, and to start the engine with the “connected” load I didn’t want to try something, in my opinion it is not right. Change the belt, try number 2 Mowing like a tank, cuts through everything, but if the grass is thick or dead, it’s better to mow in small squares, t.к. on the frame of the mower there is a heap of tangled grass, that firstly, prevents the blades of grass from turning, secondly, it rolls and crushes the grass laterally to the side of the mowing. I’ve got used to it this way. I make cuts, like “glades” every 5-7 meters, then I reverse and mow perpendicular to these cuts to dump into them what’s piled up on the frame. As a result in this approach, with very uneasy bumpy ground, dense grass and in some places already fallen down for 2 hours I have managed to mow about 6 hectares, with pauses on belt cooling (it was the last, and to a city 150km) and scattering of the cut grass.
Summary: in general I am satisfied, despite the above mentioned drawbacks. If I had mowed a couple of weeks earlier, it would have been a lot easier.
Principle of the rotary mower
The mower is triggered by the transmission of the motor-block, as well as by the movement of the wheels of these units. A rotary mower is built with a support wheel and one or more discs attached to a metal frame. When the support wheel starts moving, the cutting units are set in motion and mow the vegetation.
Different models have one to three cutting devices on the metal frame. There are many ways to attach the mowers, but the advantage of more mowing units is that their output increases overall.
A rotary mower fitted with two or three knives is powered by a tractor or tiller and covers a lot of ground. The presence of several cutting devices also has a positive effect on the speed of agronomic processing.
Several key factors account for the performance of the machine:
- the cutting height of the vegetation;
- productivity (this indicator is made on the basis of the area of cultivated land during the period of work);
- the rotational speed of the cutting unit.
DIVIDE INTO GROUPS
There are different types of hay and haylage mowers. For example, segment mowers lay the grass mass in a thin layer, so they are good for harvesting grass for hay. They are also easier to maintain and more durable, as they use fewer elements that require repair. Rotary machines are suitable for flat areas with a slope up to 20º and consist of a support frame with discs, flanked by skids for sliding on the ground. The discs and blades of grass turn while the tractor is in motion, cutting the grass. Such mowers are usually more expensive than segment mowers, but are capable of good speed, giving 1.5-2 times more energy for useful work. However, for haymaking in medium-density, natural grassland, farmers recommend using a segment mower such as the Schumacher cutterbar, which is used at 4 to 5 km/h. Its main elements are fastened through bolts with nuts, not rivets, which allows you to adjust the gap between them and facilitates their cleaning from the grass.
In general, it can be noted that with equal performance and efficiency you should choose the model that shreds and clogs the grass to a lesser extent when cutting. According to this applied classification, the vast fleet of mowers can be divided into several groups.
The design of a mower
In principle, the mower mechanism resembles a conventional scissors. The cutting tools in it are triangles with sharp edges of rather large size (so-called segments or fingers). The segment mower itself is named after the blades.
Layout of a segment mower
There are stationary segments on one of the two metal bars that make up the cutting blade. The second, mobile bar, connected to the stationary one, presses and cuts the grass caught between them.
The cutter bar contains the blade heads, shoes, friction plate and clamps.
The blade moves above the ground, grabbing at a time a width of more than two meters. The grass is deposited in the moldboard. The cutting performance of the segment mower is very high.
The cutting mechanism is connected to the frame via a tractor hitch with a draw bar. According to the method of attachment to the tractor, a distinction is made between devices:
Working principle and application
Rotary mowers shred plants, mow and stack in even swaths or evenly across the field, which makes transporting hay much easier. Many models feature a blade guard that retracts the blade if it hits an obstacle. Also, some mower variants have blades that can be tilted up to 45° for a cleaner cut.
Modifications of this device differ from each other by the number of cutting parts, the method of attachment and the area of treatment. Many models can be used for forage harvesting, as they are equipped with a weed whacker. The machine is operated by the tractor’s PTO using bevel, gimbal or other gears.
Rotary mowing devices are great for
The machine is easy to manoeuvre and simple to operate. Its width needs to be matched to the amount of work and the size of the area to be cut.
Cutting blades of segment mowers consist of two metal parts: a movable and a fixed one. Its working principle is similar to that of a pair of scissors. The cutting parts are in the shape of triangles with sharp edges, which are called segments or fingers. Grass is cut between the edges of the blades, stacked in rows and easy to collect. The double-blade fingerless mower features two moving parts that move in opposite directions. This tool cuts cleaner, does not clog with debris.
For your information. Protective measures must be taken at all times during operation. The segment mower easily copes with 10 mm thick plants and 3 mm thick wire.
Segmental mower for a mini-tractor with their own hands
The process of making a segment mower looks like this:
- Composing the frame. for this, we take metal bars with dimensions of 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.2 cm and drill 12 holes in each of them. Their diameter should be suitable for bolts M8;
A similar mower can be made with a grass collector or a tedder rake, adding additional functions to it. mulching, hay turning.
Their detailed manufacturing process is shown in the video.
Technical and operational parameters of the mowers
| Parameter | Unit. measurement. | Parameter value by model | |||
| KSU-1 | KDN-210 | KRN 2 1 | Zarya | ||
| Width of bandwidth | м | 2,7-9 | 2,1 | 2,1 | 0,8 |
| Output | Gah/h | 5,8-10,5 | 2,6 | 2,6 | 0,2 |
| Operating tempo | km/h | 15-20 | Up to 14 | Up to 12 | Up to 3 |
| Executive | segmental | 4 rotary discs | 4 rotors | 2 rotors | |
| Stem cutting height | mm | 60 | 40 | 40-80 | 30-100 |
| Weight, ready to work machine | kg | 2020 | 535 | 530 | 35 |
For municipal services, maintenance of grass cover of gardens and parks, mowing the roadsides Italian company FERRI offers a mounted mower. 11 m distance from the working area the machine removes the mowed mass.
FERRI municipal mower
Suitable for use with 30 l or more wheeled tractors. с., Driven by the carrier machine’s PTO.
Another Italian company ORSI is designed for the same purpose. Tractor crane mounted rotary mowers are available.
ROTARY MOWER AM 1,3-01 WITH A CUTTING HEAD
Cutting head is used to remove grass and bushes up to 20 mm from roadsides, slopes, ditches, behind barriers and dividing strips. This tool crushes and refines the cut material into a small fraction. The use of this type of equipment will significantly reduce the cost of collection and disposal of cut grass and bushes.
Minimum installation time on a tractor (type MTZ-80, 82) 3 people / hour. The mower can operate in all climates, at any time of year.
Particulars of use
Polish rotary mowers, as it was mentioned before, perfectly cope with their main task. mowing grassy surface on large areas. However, for this to last as long as possible and for the mower to work reliably, certain rules need to be observed to significantly extend the working life of the machine.
From the outset, once purchased, the mower is unassembled. Included are detailed instructions with drawings enabling you to see the assembly process clearly. It is extremely important, at this stage, to carefully study all the instructions, paying attention to all points of assembly, and only after that proceed to the assembly of the finished unit.
it is clear, that russian people are not used to relying on paperwork, and know everything themselves, but it’s still not the case, where you can treat the case so naively. After all, whether you assemble the Polish rotary mower correctly, will determine not only the quality of work performed, but also your safety and safety of people around you.
Once the product is assembled and ready for use, you should learn all the safety precautions from beginning to end. This is no less important than the assembly of the machine, because the Polish rotary mower has cutting elements that can injure almost anyone in the vicinity of the working machine.
Next, you need to put the assembled machine in the right position, i.e.е. so that the discs with their cutting elements are parallel to the ground surface. Then mount the main frame of the device strictly perpendicular to the tractor axis.
connect PTO shaft end to tractor PTO, t.е. on the assembly that transmits the rotation from the engine to the various attachments and trailers. Once the machine is in operating position, it does its job of mowing the grass, but only as much as possible.
In operation, the Polish rotary mower, the device of which we previously described, does not present any particular difficulties. You just need to comply with certain measures and manipulation, among them:
Check the blade system regularly for wear and grinding. If necessary, they can either be sharpened on a machine or replaced with new ones.
It is important to check the condition of the belts, that they are not pierced, cut or tensioned properly. If you are still not familiar with lawnmower belts, you are advised to click here.
Periodically check the level of transmission oil, which is in the gearbox on the frame of the machine. All you need to do is unscrew the cap and check the condition and the presence of oil.
If you follow these simple steps, you can significantly extend the life of your Polish rotary mowers, as well as avoid possible malfunctions which can be completely unnecessary, especially in the height of the summer season.
Today we’ve reviewed the main advantages and technical features of Polish rotary mowers, which are becoming more and more popular among farmers. And this is quite understandable, because the quality of European assembly has always amazed by its level, which grows and improves every year. This fact encourages a lot of people interested in this product, pay attention exactly to rotary mowers from these manufacturers.
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Rotary mower Zarya
Since a large number of different attachments are suitable for the Neva power tiller, it is not only produced by “Krasny Oktyabr”.
Plant “Kaluga Engine” offers its model of rotary mower. Zarya.
It has a slightly different design. There are two discs with blades on the frame.
From the manufacturer Neva you can even buy separate couplings to install Zarya mower, they look like this:
So it looks like a segment mower. but instead of two rows of blades it has two discs of blades. They are spaced so that the knives can work the surface completely.
This model has the same disadvantage as the segment mower. It is not designed for use on uneven ground.
This is how the work with the mower Zarya:
Technical features
- Maximal cutting speed is 2 to 4 km/h.
- Disks rotate from 2000 to 2400 rpm.
- The maximum height of the grass for mowing must not exceed 1 m.
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How to install?
Attachment of the most popular rotary mowers to the power tiller “Salyut” is carried out by means of a special suspension element, included in the package. To set up the machine, proceed as follows.
- Secure the suspension using bolts with nuts and cotter pins.
- Check fasteners for secure connection.
- Check that everything runs smoothly by turning the drive unit by hand.
- Putting the transmission lever in the operating position for a test drive. After tensioning the belt, the cutting elements should start to rotate. Run at a low speed at the start.
When mounting the attachment to the frame of the power tiller it is very important to take care that only original parts and components are used. If the mower “Zarya” is put on the mower model “Salut 100”, it is put on a special pin in the front of the construction.
What to know about rotary mowers?
Deciding to engage in agricultural activities, people have little idea how hard the work of a farmer. Taking into account that a farm is not only arable land, but also cattle breeding, the question of mechanization of labor arises acutely.
To begin with, the farm acquires a tractor that will do all the hard work. However, a tractor without attachments is useless in agricultural activities. Hence the question arises: “What equipment may be required for farming activities?”.
Most people immediately purchase plows, ridgers, and other equipment to prepare the soil for sowing, caring for crops, and harvesting. But such units do not solve the problem with the preparation of forage for livestock. That’s why every farm should have a mower.
This equipment is used not only for making hay, but also for harvesting crops. These machines are of two types: rotary and segmental. The subject of our article will be the rotary mower, as the most suitable for agricultural activities.
Design features
Rotary mowers are used to harvest grass of all densities. In addition, they are optimal for harvesting crops. Their adjustable cutting height makes them suitable for all kinds of crops.
Note that some models are equipped with a weed whacker, making them ideal for use in forage harvesting.
All models on the market differ in terms of the number of cutting elements, the area they cover and how they are attached to the tractor. Considering that farms use a tractor rather than a single-axle tractor, mowers are classified as follows:
Cutting elements are placed on either the side, the front or the rear of the mower. The construction of the equipment itself is quite simple: a support frame consisting of several segments with blades mounted on them.
As the name of the machine implies, the blades are discs (rotors). Required for work force is transmitted to the mower via tractor PTO. It uses bevel, V-belt toothed or propshaft drive.
The working force is transferred to the support wheel, which in motion adds torque to the rotors.
You should not buy segmental mowers for farming. This is quite bulky equipment used for landscaping. Rotary models have a higher productivity and know how to adapt to the topography and geometry of the field.
This type of mounted equipment is produced by Russian, Chinese, European and American companies. If you want to buy a high quality and inexpensive products, you should pay attention to local and European brands.
Chinese mowers are sold in the low price segment, but the quality of assembly sometimes leaves much to be desired. The American equipment is notable for the high quality of its construction, but it is pleasantly overpriced.
Considering these features, let’s make a brief review of rotary mowers, which have earned positive feedback from Russian farmers.
High quality. affordable price
Considering that the vast majority of farmers buy tractors from Minsk Tractor Works, here are popular MTZ mowers.
KRN 2.1
This is a widely used rotary mower in the country’s farms. Of the features of the equipment, we can distinguish a flexible system of rotor installation.
Cutting elements are capable of changing the plane up to an angle of 45 degrees, which allows you to work in fields with difficult terrain, without the risk of damaging the blades. It has four pairs of rotors, which rotate in opposite directions.
- Working speed of the mower. about 15 km/h.
- Weight of the mower is 535 kg, so it is suitable to work with tractors 0.9-1.4 traction class.
It is worth noting that the model is well balanced, equipped with reinforced gears and supplemented with a system of protection of blades from mechanical damage.
These mowers feature reinforced chassis and steel gears in the drive system. This allows the equipment to withstand high shock loads, not only during operation, but also during transport.
The floating hitch ensures precise contour following and reduces the load on the tractor hitch. The cutting discs’ rotation of 3,000 rpm gives the mower a good performance.
A tedder is fitted, which allows for evenly drying of the hay.
Wirax 1.65
This is a Polish-made rotary mower, fully adapted to Russian climatic conditions. There are two working discs rotating at 540 rpm.
On the domestic market, you can find a wider version. Wirax 1.85. There are no major technical differences between the two Polish rotary mowers.
Why we cited these particular models? They are affordable, have a high margin of safety, unpretentious in terms of maintenance and repair. Taking into account the low construction weight, such equipment can be mounted even on a homemade mini-tractor.
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Today we have reviewed the main advantages and technical features of Polish rotary mowers, which are becoming increasingly popular among farmers. And this is quite understandable, because the quality of European assembly has always impressed by its level, which grows and improves every year. This fact encourages many people interested in this product to pay attention to rotary mowers of these manufacturers.
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