Screwdriver. this is the only technology that ideally combines compactness, energy autonomy and high functionality. With just one small tool, a wide range of tasks is possible. from simply twisting self-tapping screws and creating holes in soft materials, to complex, precise work in a large volume.
Compared to other devices of this type, a screwdriver has gained great popularity not only among people involved in construction and repair, but also among home craftsmen. Therefore, it can be safely compared with a man, if he is, then your shelves will be well fixed, the paintings are hung out, and the furniture is securely assembled.
However, despite its many positive qualities, situations may arise when it is necessary to completely disassemble the product in order to change lubrication or replace worn and defective parts. Of course, the right decision in this situation would be to visit a service center. But when there is no time for this or the warranty period has long expired, there is only one way out. to restore its performance on its own.
How to disassemble a screwdriver
All products are externally similar to each other. The design has a characteristic pistol shape, the housing is made of durable shockproof plastic, and a quick-clamping chuck is used to fasten working equipment.
Before you begin disassembling the tool, you need to study its main components in detail. Since the most popular is battery powered technology, we’ll consider it.
The internal filling of the device consists of:
Push button
Speed control
Engine
Transistor
Planetary gear
Step-by-step instructions for completely disassembling a screwdriver:
Disconnect the battery pack.
Take a Phillips screwdriver of the appropriate size to remove the screws that are around the entire perimeter of the case.
Loosen the screws and, without abrupt movements, detach the housing, holding the small structural elements.
Pay attention to the speed switch, start and reverse button. In order to avoid breakage of these small parts, it is recommended to carefully disconnect them.
To get the gearbox in your hands, free it with the engine from the second half of the body, hold it in your hands and turn it counterclockwise.
Screwdriver gear
It consists of interconnected gears and gears. All small parts of the mechanism are compactly placed in a hard plastic case (crankcase). They are reliably protected from foreign objects and work on the principle of a single ensemble.
Depending on the type, the gearbox can be planetary and classic. Since the second is almost never used, we consider the design of the planetary mechanism, as well as the principle of its action.
The design of the gearbox includes the following components:
The ring gear, which is located in the center of the mechanism.
Driven gear (carrier). It reliably fastens the axes of several planetary gears of the "satellites" located relative to each other. They have the same diameter and engage with the teeth on the inner surface of the “gear”. Structural details may be plastic or metal.
Two-stroke screwdriver gear with motor
Principle of operation
Depending on the number of gears, the gearbox can be single-stage or multi-stage. The most common are mechanisms consisting of two gears (two-stage). The principle of their operation is the rotation of the satellites, which are driven by the circular motion of the ring gear of the engine. Using this mechanism allows you to make the carrier speed an order of magnitude lower relative to the speed of the motor.
Video: How to Remove a Gear From a Screwdriver
The sequence of actions is as follows: the rotational movements of the first carrier, go to the second, which in turn is connected to the cartridge shaft. Transmission occurs through the central gear. The trinity of stellites of the second block works on the same principle as the first, as a result. the second carrier gets even lower revs. A similar action is characteristic of a two-stage gearbox. In the case of the three-stage, another planetary mechanism has been added.
Gearbox disassembly:
Disconnect the gearbox from the electric motor as described above.
Remove the plate and begin to take out all the parts in order.
Loosen the screws connecting the two halves of the gearbox.
If necessary, use a pair of pliers to adjust the diameter of the spring in the direction of reduction, this will improve the inclusion of first gear.
Clean and lubricate the main components.
Assemble the whole mechanism by following all the steps in the reverse order.
It is worth noting that the gearbox. this is such a mechanism that is virtually impossible to repair. Components of this mechanism are not produced by manufacturers. If the wires can be soldered, and the button replaced, then in the case of teeth and gears, only one output will be correct. complete replacement of this unit.
How to remove a chuck from a screwdriver
A keyless chuck is used in a screwdriver, which is the most loaded, and therefore the most worn out assembly of the entire mechanism. It can be fixed by the following method:
1. Morse cone. the cartridge has the same tapered bore as the shank.
2. Threaded method. the cartridge is screwed onto the threaded end of the shaft.
3. The screw method. the chuck is attached with a fixing screw.
To determine which connection method is used in your tool, you need to examine it and pay attention to the digital marks on its side. If you see the inscription 1-6 B10, then the Morse cone is used in the design of the cartridge. These figures show that the maximum and minimum diameter of the shank of the drill, which can be clamped into the chuck, is 1.6 mm. B 10. value of the Morse cone.
Threaded connection can be metric and inch. In the first case, it will look. 1.0-11 M12x1.25. In the second. 2-13 mm ½-20 UNF.
Marking on the screwdriver chuck
Remove the cartridge
Threaded connection :
Using an Allen key, unscrew the threaded fastener.
Place the key with a short edge in the chuck and tightly clamp it in the jaws of a vice.
Put the device in drilling mode and turn it on at low speeds. The free edge of the key should hit a table or other hard object.
Unscrew the cartridge by turning the key.
Threaded connection with fixing screw:
Unclench the inner jaws of the cartridge.
Unscrew the screw connection with the left-hand thread using a screwdriver clockwise.
Take a hexagon L-shaped wrench and use a short edge to grip it tightly in the chuck.
Try to sharply turn it counterclockwise.
If the cartridge cannot be removed, hit the edge of the key with a hammer. It should loosen and easily come off the thread.
Morse cone
To remove the cartridge fixed by the conical method, a couple of careful blows with a hammer on the body are enough.
How to charge the battery
For screwdrivers, 3 main types of batteries are used: Li-Ion (lithium-ion), Ni-Cd (nickel-cadmium) and Ni-MH (nickel-metal hydride). Each of the options requires different and precise observance of the correct operating mode.
Li-ion. the most common battery. Its main advantages include small size, weight, fast charging and lack of memory effect. Less. fear of low temperatures. As for the price, it is an order of magnitude higher relative to other types of batteries.
To start using the battery, it is enough to completely discharge and charge up to 100% once. Then safely exploit without thinking about the amount of charge. The only caveat. storage in a charged state. This is necessary so that the internal parts do not dry out (optimal mode. 60% charge).
Ni-Cd is also one of the most common types of batteries with large capacity and small size. The price is much cheaper compared to batteries of a different type. The main minus. the presence of a memory effect. Before using such a power source, it is necessary to complete 3 complete discharge / charge cycles. If this is not done, the battery capacity may drop significantly.
Ni-MH is a less popular battery, the undoubted advantage of which is absolute environmental friendliness and lack of memory. The only imperfection. high self-discharge current. That is, with long-term idle time, its complete discharge occurs, and each subsequent charge increases the self-discharge current. If you forget to charge such a battery, over time it will fail. Before using it, the battery, like the lithium-ion one, must be immediately discharged and charged up to 100%.
And in conclusion
Based on this article, you can independently disassemble the screwdriver for the purpose of minor repairs, cleaning and lubricating the internal components. Doing this is necessary only if during the operation of the equipment you notice any interference, for example, speed modes do not switch or it happens with a certain delay. It is not recommended to use gears or couplings from other tools. Outwardly, they may look suitable, but actually do not correspond to the components of this model.
In order for the equipment to serve you as long as possible, and it does not have to be disassembled often, adhere to simple rules:
- Do not operate the device at high speeds for a long time.
- Before use, check how charged your battery is.
- The fit size of the nozzle must match the fit size of the tool.
- After replacing the nozzle, make sure that the cartridge is correctly locked.