1.1 Classification of oil grades by viscosity
The viscosity grade of engine oil grades is generally classified according to SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers).
- Summer grades. oils belonging to this category are used in summer, have a high viscosity and do not have a letter designation. These are: SAE 20, 30, 40, 50, 60.
- Winter grades. these oils are used in winter and have a low viscosity. The letter designation of this variety is W (Winter). These include: SAE 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W.
- All-season varieties are the most popular at the present time, as they are used both in summer and winter. They are indicated by a double combination: 5W-30, 10W-40.
In addition to seasonal differences in lubricants, they are divided in composition into two types:
- mineral;
- synthetic;
- semi-synthetic.
| Differences in chemical and physical characteristics of oils of different types for 4-stroke engines | |||
| Indicators | Mineral | Semi-synthetic | Synthetic |
| Viscosity index | 90-100 | 115-125 | 130-160 |
| Alkaline number, mg | 5.5-10 | 5.10 | 5.5-10 |
| Pour point, ° С | -fifteen | -thirty | -40 |
All oils are also divided into lubricants for both 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines. Usually, 4-stroke air-cooled engines are installed on motoblocks. Such engines only need to be filled with 4-stroke oil.
Checking the oil level with the dipstick in the oil filler hole
An air-cooled engine runs more heat than a water-cooled engine under the same operating conditions. Therefore, the filling liquid must have low volatility and high thermal-oxidative stability. Also, modern oils must be environmentally friendly, i.e. the amount of smoke and toxicity of exhaust gases is controlled.
Since waste is often simply burned in boilers or steam generators, it should not contain components that form toxic compounds when burned. In a motor cultivator that runs on gasoline and does not have instructions, it is better to pour 4-stroke oil of the 5W30 or SAE30 brand.
In winter, winter or gear oil, such as 0W40, is preferable. But this quality comes at a price. It is not worth saving on this, because high-quality oil affects less wear and tear of the engine and its durability. to the menu
Engine oil functions
Each technique, including walk-behind tractors, comes with a passport and instructions for sale. Manufacturers always recommend in the instructions those types of oil that will allow the technique to last a long time and not break.
You need to know that during the operation of the walk-behind tractor, engine oil performs 4 functions at once:
- cooling;
- grease;
- cleaning;
- seal.
When the air-cooled walk-behind tractor engine is running, the lubricant burns and remains on the hot cylinder, after which a smoky exhaust is formed. The deposition of resinous substances dramatically affects the contamination of some parts and their lubrication becomes more difficult.
It is recommended to use antioxidant agents with oil, which clean the engine from dirty deposits. Correctly selected oil for a walk-behind tractor according to SAE classification is a guarantee of the durability of the equipment.
When using a single-axle tractor, select the lubricant based on the climatic zone.
For example, when using grease of the SAE 10W30 type at a temperature of 5 ° C and higher, its consumption will be much higher and there will be a high probability of engine breakdown. It is undesirable to pour summer lubricants at air temperatures below 5 ° C. Such use results in difficult starting of the engine and damage to the cylinder bore. to the menu
2.1 Gasoline motoblocks
Motoblocks of this class are ideal for cultivating small plots of land. In a gasoline engine, fuel is ignited by a spark that is generated from a spark plug. These motoblocks are very maneuverable and lightweight.
Any gasoline used in modern cars is suitable for a gasoline engine. They can only work at high speeds. Repairs and maintenance are significantly cheaper than diesel engines.
The main advantages of a gasoline engine:
- It can be started in all weather conditions without an electric starter.
- Reduced noise level.
- Significantly less vibration when driving.
The main advantage over a diesel engine is its relatively low cost. They are suitable for small areas (20-30 acres), as they do not withstand heavy loads. The diesel engine will be optimal in all other cases. to the menu
Classification of oil grades for motoblocks
When purchasing a single-axle tractor, it must be remembered that its long-term operation depends not only on replacing consumables, parts, tightening the necessary nuts, but also on the timely oil change in the walk-behind tractor.
The durability and performance of the equipment depends on how correctly to choose engine oil for motoblocks. The question arises, what kind of oil to pour into the engine of the walk-behind tractor, how to replace it or check the level.
How to choose a single-axle tractor: diesel or gasoline?
Diesel powered units are designed mainly for work on large areas of land. This type of engine is capable of generating high tractive effort by operating at low rpm. They are designed for a much larger amount of resources than gasoline.
Therefore, their work can be carried out for much longer without stopping. Do not often let the diesel engine idle, because this leads to its breakdown. Sometimes it is necessary to load the unit at full capacity for 3-4 hours. This will extend the life of the walk-behind tractor.
The main advantages of a diesel walk-behind tractor:
- Convenient maintenance and operation, as there are no candles and magneto, as well as no carburetor, which has to be constantly adjusted.
- Maximum ground grip due to heavy weight.
- Cooling is possible either with air or water. Gasoline engines lack this variety.
- The take-off run in fuel consumption can vary from 2 to 5 liters per 100 km, based on the power of the unit.
- Engine operation is ensured by stable rpm due to increased tractive effort.
The price can scare off when buying a diesel walk-behind tractor. But it is worth considering that it consumes less fuel than gasoline, and diesel is cheaper than gasoline. Such an acquisition pays off over time.
2.2 Changing the oil in the walk-behind tractor
There are many different opinions about how often the oil for walk-behind tractors should be changed. But in this case you need to rely on the manufacturer’s instructions. If there is no instruction, you can change the lubricant in the usual way among users.
Replacing the gearbox oil of a diesel walk-behind tractor
The first oil change in the walk-behind tractor is carried out after the unit has been run-in. The engine and all its components must be run-in at idle speed. Before starting the engine, make sure that there is a lubricant in it. When buying a unit, its engine may be generally dry.
After an hour of engine operation, the first grease change is made. The next change is after 5-6 hours of operation. It is recommended to change the oil in the walk-behind tractor every 40 hours of operation, which is much more frequent than in a car. After the winter period, a grease change is mandatory. It does not matter how many hours a single-axle tractor has worked, if its grease has become viscous, darkened or a strong burning smell emanates from it, then it needs to be changed.
The single axle tractor must be warmed up before changing the oil. This is necessary in order for the lubricant to become more fluid. a single-axle tractor is installed in a horizontal position. The drain plug is unscrewed and the old fluid is removed from the engine crankcase.
After that, it is required to screw back the drain tank plug and fill the lubricant through the filler neck. You can check the filled oil level with a dipstick. The level should be between the Minimum and Maximum marks. Then the plug is screwed in completely.
To fill and check the lubricant level in the gear case, place the single-axle tractor on a flat surface and clean the gear case around the filler hole. Then loosen the filler bolt. If the level is normal, oil will start to flow from the hole. If this does not happen, it is necessary to unscrew the bolt completely and pour oil into the gearbox until it flows out of the hole.
An important nuance is the proper condition of the air filter. After all, without an air filter or with a filter, but without the required oil level, you cannot start the engine. To add grease, unscrew the nut on the filter cover, pull the filter element out of the sump, add oil to the level of the mark on the oil sump body. Put back the filter element and tighten the nut.
Based on the above, before buying oil, you need to understand several important points:
- Decide on the season for using the oil.
- Purchase special additives to enhance the properties of the lubricating fluid.
With the right choice of product, a long service life of the unit will be ensured and its performance will be improved.
Engine oil functions
Each technique, including walk-behind tractors, comes with a passport and instructions for sale. Manufacturers always recommend in the instructions those types of oil that will allow the technique to last a long time and not break.
You need to know that during the operation of the walk-behind tractor, engine oil performs 4 functions at once:
- cooling;
- grease;
- cleaning;
- seal.
When the air-cooled walk-behind tractor engine is running, the lubricant burns and remains on the hot cylinder, after which a smoky exhaust is formed. The deposition of resinous substances dramatically affects the contamination of some parts and their lubrication becomes more difficult.
It is recommended to use antioxidant agents with oil, which clean the engine from dirty deposits. Correctly selected oil for a walk-behind tractor according to SAE classification is a guarantee of the durability of the equipment.
When using a single-axle tractor, select the lubricant based on the climatic zone.
For example, when using grease of the SAE 10W30 type at a temperature of 5 ° C and higher, its consumption will be much higher and there will be a high probability of engine breakdown. It is undesirable to pour summer lubricants at air temperatures below 5 ° C. Such use results in difficult starting of the engine and damage to the cylinder bore. to the menu
Why refueling a 2-stroke engine with 4-stroke oil is harmful
Engine oil for four-stroke engines is not recommended for two-stroke power units. When the mixture burns, ash is formed, which forms a sludge in the combustion chambers and pistons.
In combination with the lubricant, combustion residues are converted into an abrasive powder. Sharp abrasives cause irreparable damage to the mirror surfaces of the cylinders, significantly reducing their service life.
Soot is very harmful to piston ring performance. It clogs into the grooves, as a result, the rings lose their mobility, and the engine power drops sharply. Soot deposits also accumulate in the exhaust system, narrowing the clearance in the pipe, which makes it difficult for exhaust gases to escape and additional losses of power.
Ash and soot deposits on pistons and cylinders cause detonation. At the same time, the service life of the power unit is sharply reduced. Coking of electrodes and spark plugs leads to their closure and blocking of engine operation.
Differences between 2 and 4-stroke oils
Due to the structural differences in the lubrication systems of these engines, the requirements for lubricants are significantly different:
- For two-stroke engines, a prerequisite is the ability of the most complete oil combustion. At the same time, a minimum amount of carbon deposits (soot and ash) is formed.
- In four-stroke engines, the main requirement for engine oil is the long-term provision of lubricating effects due to the preservation of the useful properties of the material used.
In the past, lubricants were made using the simple distillation method. The resulting product was suitable for the lubrication of parts and assemblies, engines of any kind. Their technical characteristics met the requirements of motors with low power, low friction force and low wear at the mating points.
With the growth of performance indicators and engine speed, it became necessary to create motor oils with new capabilities. Additives have begun to be added to lubricants, which significantly improve the technical parameters of lubricating products:
- reducing wear;
- antioxidant;
- anti-foam;
- extreme pressure;
- washing.
Modern motor oil for 4-stroke engines contains additives in the amount of 25% of the total volume. For such fluids, there are no increased requirements for the level of ash and soot.
How to choose a single-axle tractor: diesel or gasoline?
Diesel powered units are designed mainly for work on large areas of land. This type of engine is capable of generating high tractive effort by operating at low rpm. They are designed for a much larger amount of resources than gasoline.
Therefore, their work can be carried out for much longer without stopping. Do not often let the diesel engine idle, because this leads to its breakdown. Sometimes it is necessary to load the unit at full capacity for 3-4 hours. This will extend the life of the walk-behind tractor.
The main advantages of a diesel walk-behind tractor:
- Convenient maintenance and operation, as there are no candles and magneto, as well as no carburetor, which has to be constantly adjusted.
- Maximum ground grip due to heavy weight.
- Cooling is possible either with air or water. Gasoline engines lack this variety.
- The take-off run in fuel consumption can vary from 2 to 5 liters per 100 km, based on the power of the unit.
- Engine operation is ensured by stable rpm due to increased tractive effort.
The price can scare off when buying a diesel walk-behind tractor. But it is worth considering that it consumes less fuel than gasoline, and diesel is cheaper than gasoline. Such an acquisition pays off over time.
Air-cooled four-stroke engine oil
In two-stroke power units, the lubricant dissolves in the fuel, and then burns out simultaneously with it. Oil for four-stroke engines differs significantly from analogs used in two-stroke engines. It is of higher quality and retains the effect of its beneficial properties for a long time.
It contains a large number of special additives (at least 25%). Unlike other brands, there are no increased requirements for this oil in terms of ash content and smokiness. Their level reaches higher indicators (ash content. more than 2%).
General characteristics of oils used for 4-stroke engines
This type of unit is characterized by a fairly high temperature regime in the area of the cylinder-piston mechanism.
The oil used does not mix with combustible fuel and must have the following parameters:
- increased amount of additives included (24-27% of the total volume of the lubricant);
- when the temperature parameter changes, the lubricants must maintain the optimal level of viscosity and be reliably located on the surface of the parts;
- lubricants must effectively and reliably start the engine in various climatic conditions, as well as ensure a quick supply of lubricant to all sections of the unit;
- the mixture must have optimal resistance to oxidative processes to protect the engine from the formation of carbon deposits or sludge;
- increased and stable antiwear performance;
Classification of oil grades by viscosity
The viscosity grade of engine oil grades is generally classified according to SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers).
- Summer grades. oils belonging to this category are used in summer, have a high viscosity and do not have a letter designation. These are: SAE 20, 30, 40, 50, 60.
- Winter grades. these oils are used in winter and have a low viscosity. The letter designation of this variety is W (Winter). These include: SAE 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W.
- All-season varieties are the most popular at the present time, as they are used both in summer and winter. They are indicated by a double combination: 5W-30, 10W-40.
In addition to seasonal differences in lubricants, they are divided in composition into two types:
- mineral;
- synthetic;
- semi-synthetic.
| Differences in chemical and physical characteristics of oils of different types for 4-stroke engines | |||
| Indicators | Mineral | Semi-synthetic | Synthetic |
| Viscosity index | 90-100 | 115-125 | 130-160 |
| Alkaline number, mg | 5.5-10 | 5.10 | 5.5-10 |
| Pour point, ° С | -fifteen | -thirty | -40 |
All oils are also divided into lubricants for both 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines. Usually, 4-stroke air-cooled engines are installed on motoblocks. Such engines only need to be filled with 4-stroke oil.
Checking the oil level with the dipstick in the oil filler hole
An air-cooled engine runs more heat than a water-cooled engine under the same operating conditions. Therefore, the filling liquid must have low volatility and high thermal-oxidative stability. Also, modern oils must be environmentally friendly, i.e. the amount of smoke and toxicity of exhaust gases is controlled.
Since waste is often simply burned in boilers or steam generators, it should not contain components that form toxic compounds when burned. In a motor cultivator that runs on gasoline and does not have instructions, it is better to pour 4-stroke oil of the 5W30 or SAE30 brand.
In winter, winter or gear oil, such as 0W40, is preferable. But this quality comes at a price. It is not worth saving on this, because high-quality oil affects less wear and tear of the engine and its durability. to the menu
CARVER Sae30
Summer mineral lubricant (made in Russia), containing various additives with dispersant, antioxidant, anticorrosive properties. It forms a strong oil film that remains on the surface of parts for a long time. Provides reliable protection of the engine against wear and increases its resistance to high mechanical stress.
For diesel engines
With the recommended engine oil, owners increase the unit’s life and reduce diesel fuel consumption for a diesel walk-behind tractor. The instructions for a walk-behind tractor with a diesel engine indicate the following categories of lubricants:
- CA. for work with low loads;
- SV. for work with high-sulfur fuel;
- CC. for a naturally aspirated engine operating with increased loads.
The CA category reduces the amount of carbon deposits in the cylinders, but reduces the quality of the lubricant. Any lubricant is poured in the required volume. Decreasing or increasing it leads to seizure of the motor.
In the engine
The primary oil change in the internal combustion engine occurs after 28-32 hours of operation. The next replacement can be done no more than 2 times a year. in summer and winter, even if the unit has been idle for some time. To start the replacement process itself, it is necessary to prepare special attributes. a funnel and a container for draining the spent liquid.
At the bottom of the engine there is a hole with a cap through which old oil can be drained. In the same place, a container for draining is substituted, the locking cap is unscrewed, and the waste liquid is drained. It is necessary to wait a while for the residues to completely drain out of the engine system. Then the plug is screwed into place, and fresh oil can be poured.
Its quantity must be identical to the merged one. If it is not possible to make a measurement, it is better to look at the technical data sheet of the unit, where the required number is indicated in grams. After new oil has been added to the engine, the level must be checked. To do this, just use a special probe.
It is worth noting that in some engines that are sensitive to oil fluids, for example, Subaru or Honda, it is assumed that a certain class of oils is used, that is, SE and higher, but not lower than the SG class.
This instruction is a general guideline for both two-stroke and four-stroke models. specific information on how to change the oil fluid in the walk-behind tractor is best considered in the instructions for a specific unit.
What kind of oil to pour into Neva walk-behind tractors
The quality of the lubricant in the walk-behind tractor gradually decreases and becomes unusable. Along with this process, engine wear occurs. To prevent the wear process, it is necessary to change the lubricant mixtures in a timely manner. The instructions contain the recommended brand and its quantity. When buying, it is necessary to take into account the level of its viscosity, the classification of quality. For the Neva walk-behind tractor, you need to purchase oil in the gearbox and in the engine.
the uniaxial tractor Neva is equipped with different motors. They require different brands and manufacturers of lubricants. They should be poured into the engine taking into account the viscosity and category.
If a device with a Honda engine is purchased for a land plot, you can fill it with SAE 10W-30 grade in summer and winter. The same universal tool is suitable for the Lifan engine. Subaru produces lubricant for its equipment itself. With a Subaru engine, you need to buy grease from the same company. Her brand is Ow20. It is suitable for winter and summer operating conditions of the motor. It is permissible to fill in 5w-30 of the same manufacturer instead.
The Briggs Stratton engine is filled with SAE 10W-30 summer engine oil. SAE 5W-30 is suitable for winter conditions. Its consumption is higher than that of other motors, so the level should be checked more often. If necessary, the lubricant is added to the norm.
The gearbox is an important part of the walk-behind tractor. For proper operation, it is necessary to fill the gearbox of the Neva walk-behind tractor with good quality oil, periodically replace it. These oils include TEP-15 and TM-5. Its volume is 2.2 liters. The spent liquid in a hot state is drained through a special hole and poured fresh. These types are suitable for MB-1 devices. When replacing, the unit is installed in a vertical position, a container is placed under it for draining the mining.
On a newly purchased unit, the first replacement is made after 30 hours of operation, then every 180-200 hours.
If a single-axle tractor is rarely used for work, the replacement is done at least once every two years. The Neva MB-2 unit needs to be filled with TAP-15V oil; instead, you can use the TAD-17I brand.
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You need to know when the oil changes. You need to check the level of the newly purchased unit. Some walk-behind tractors are sold without lubricants. If necessary, you can add oil and run the device in for 20-25 hours. Then the replacement is done after 100-250 hours. Dates are indicated in the instructions.
Which is better to choose?
As mentioned earlier, there are several types of oils for motoblocks. It is necessary to use the liquid recommended by the manufacturer of the unit. for this, it is enough to carefully study the labeling of the device and read the instructions.
In addition, each separate type of oil is divided into several types according to its chemical composition. In most cases, manufacturers try to manufacture units with the ability to use the most common types of oils. synthetic, mineral, and semi-synthetic, for example, Mannol Molibden Benzin 10W40 or SAE 10W-30.
It is worth noting that this lubricant contains a friction modifier that creates a strong film on the inner surface of the parts. This significantly reduces the wear rate of the walk-behind tractor.
Another marking that should not be forgotten is the designation of the properties of oil exploitation. It also comes in several varieties. For example, category C is used for 4-stroke diesel engines, and category S is used for gasoline.
A certain total can be derived from this data. Given the engine variety, a high level of demand is directed to multigrade oils labeled 5W30 and 5W40. Of anti-corrosion oils, 10W30, 10W40 are popular.
At temperatures above 45 degrees, oils marked 15W40, 20W40 should be used. For winter cold, it is necessary to use oil liquid 0W30, 0W40.
Premium Bison 10W-30
All-season semi-synthetic liquid of the Russian brand, designed for lubrication of four-stroke gasoline engines and diesel engines. It has improved resistance to oxidation at high temperatures, has a viscosity corresponding to the Sae 10W-30 standard. It can be effectively used in the temperature range 25 ° C. 50 ° C.
What is the difference between two-stroke oil and four-stroke oil
Some types of engine oil are designed for four-stroke powertrains, while others are for two-stroke. They are not interchangeable, and they should be poured in accordance with the intended purpose, because different requirements are imposed on lubricants for motors with different duty cycles. Thus, oil for four-stroke engines, which uses a forced lubrication system, is designed for long-term exposure and is designed to provide a more stable coating of parts. In 2-stroke engines, the oil comes along with the fuel and should instantly dissolve in it, burning smokelessly with a minimum of deposits in the form of soot and ash. Therefore, a characteristic feature of 2-stroke oils is good cleaning and minimal aggressive additives. They, unlike a 4-stroke fluid, do not contain ash, EP and anti-wear additives, which allows them to almost completely burn together with fuel without the formation of carbon deposits and exhaust toxicity.
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A feature of oils for four-stroke engines is a multitude of organometallic additives, which are aimed at improving their physical and mechanical properties and increasing the efficiency of action. And if you pour such a mixture into an engine with a working cycle of two strokes, it will lead to the formation of ash deposits on the surface of the piston and the walls of the combustion chamber. The increased accumulation of deposits, in turn, can provoke the appearance of various troubles, which can only be eliminated by doing a complex and expensive repair of the motor-block motor. A lot of harm is caused by soot, which clogs the air filter and settles in the grooves of the piston rings if the inappropriate oil is used. The accumulation of soot is fraught with loss of ring mobility, and this is a direct way to reduce the power of the walk-behind tractor, deteriorate its operation and even complete failure.
Two-stroke engines
This is often oil for a cross-country motorcycle (enduro, pit bike) or for the old Soviet Izh. Also, two strokes are often enough to get a 125cc scooter or motorcycle going well. There are cheap sweeps and very high quality synthetics that are worth pouring, for example, for motocross or other intense wear. For example 800 2T Factory Line Off Road Motul.
What quality indicators are required for such fuels and lubricants? First of all, it is resistance to the formation of carbon deposits, as well as the amount of smoke emitted during combustion, because the gasoline-oil mixture burns along with the fuel.
There is a division of oils into categories, here are the labels suitable for them:
- TA is a technique that can be operated with an A1 driver’s license, that is, a vehicle that has an engine capacity of up to 50 cm3.
- TV is already a more common category. It includes all powerful motorcycles with up to 300 cubic meters.
- TS. all other motor vehicles up to 300 cubes.
- TD is a suitable fuel for boats, but you shouldn’t put it in your bike.
But there is also a Japanese classification, according to which they are distinguished:
- FA are motors with high forced power.
- FB. optimal for urban use.
- FS. only fill in mopeds and small scooters.
Why is it not worth pouring oil for a 4-stroke engine into such engines? Because they usually contain a large amount of additives that do not burn well in the fuel tank, leaving carbon deposits. This pollutes your device very much, but, of course, you will be able to drive 100-200 km.
Viscosity and classification of motor oil
We use the most commonly used worldwide American SAE designation system. Now the products are not divided by seasons, it is customary to call it off-season, so it must remain sufficiently liquid during a cold start, and also not spread too much (be viscous) at high temperatures. In order to understand what kind of composition according to these indicators we have before us, marking with the letter W and numbers is used. The values before the letter indicate the minimum possible temperature, and after. the maximum allowable. Example: 5W40, 10W30, 10W40 are not very viscous compounds that are well suited for those who like to ride in extreme conditions, when snow has not melted off the asphalt everywhere. This is also a great option for pit bikes. But for heavy bikes and sport bikes, it is more optimal. 10W50, 10W60, 15W50, 20W50 with increased viscosity.
For transmission
Transmission oil is required if the gearbox and engine systems are lubricated separately, as well as in the case of a cardan drive.
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When the clutch is dry, options such as SAE 80W90 will do. And if it is in an oil bath, the suitable viscosity is 10W40.
Four-stroke engines
whimsical devices with high power. The most important thing for them is the level of viscosity, that is, so that when the elements are heated, they still remain in a sufficiently viscous medium, be covered with a protective film. Almost the entire subsequent assortment will be directed to engines with four ticks, as they are more common.
LUKOIL MOTO 2T
Russian production. Very favorable price (from 139 rubles). Suitable for vehicles with 2 strokes, mixes with gasoline in a ratio of 1:50. Has practically no fakes.
Russian production. Very favorable price (from 139 rubles). Suitable for vehicles with 2 strokes, mixes with gasoline in a ratio of 1:50. Has practically no fakes.
Eni / Agip i-Ride Scooter 2T
Italian version for two-stroke engines. Plus. low sulfur. This leads to the fact that mixing with gasoline is quick and uniform, and during use, practically no carbon deposits are formed.