What a hand drill looks like. Area of application

Manual drill. Types and construction. Applications and features

Manual drill. a tool for drilling, the rotation of the tooling is carried out by the drive from human muscle power. Is fully autonomous and virtually silent, due to which it is superior to electric, battery and pneumatic counterparts, although inferior to them in terms of performance, speed and convenience.

Drill of the manual type appeared long before the electric, battery and pneumatic. Its predecessor was the impact wrench. The tool works by rotating the knee on its axis. one hand movement corresponds to one revolution of the drill bit. The drill in comparison to it is a more developed and complex mechanism. It involves turning the tool several times in one complete revolution of the hand.

Tool usage

Two-speed hand drill. the most necessary tool when doing repair and construction work. It can drill wood, metal, concrete, chipboard and any other material. In terms of characteristics (except speed and time of work), the manual version is not inferior to the electric one, if you drill, for example, holes up to 10 mm.

When choosing a tool, you should pay attention to the following things:

• for more pleasant work, lightweight, ergonomic handles are needed;
• ratchet mechanism, the presence of which allows the chuck to rotate in either direction to facilitate work in hard-to-reach places;
• Four jaws in the chuck make it possible to anchor the drill more solidly.

The drill is mainly used for drilling. If you want to make a regular hole, you must always make sure that the drill is perfectly perpendicular to the surface. When making an angled hole, the drill is tilted to the right angle.

Also, when you finish drilling, you must reduce the speed and pressure so as not to break or bend the drill. If these requirements are not taken into account when working, you can be injured or lose your balance.

The drill grade DR-2 is even used to drill into bones, so that spokes can be inserted into them.

A hand drill can be used as an electric screwdriver if a large number of self-tapping screws need to be driven or unscrewed. Sometimes in large-scale repairs, it is used as a mixer for mixing paint or putty.

There is also a method of marking, which requires the use of a mechanical drill. Marking is done in different ways:

• reaming. the previously prepared hole is enlarged to a larger diameter;
• countersinking. the defects in the holes in the metal are corrected;
• countersinking. increasing the end of the hole and giving it the desired shape;
• Reaming. final cleaning of the hole after countersinking (bringing the work to its logical conclusion)

What progress has been made

If you do not want to twist by hand, you can buy a product Micro 8050-35 of the American company Dremel

The machine runs on a built-in Li. ion battery with a voltage of 7.2 V and can serve not only as a tool for drilling holes, but depending on the used removable attachment as a grinder or wiper. Weight of the device only 250 g. First package in a cardboard box with bright pictures showing the available accessories, working methods and a photo of the tool itself. The kit includes 18 bits, a battery charger with a power supply for 12V output voltage, 150-200 mA. The unit is universal, but it’s better to check the inscription on the picture. If you do not have such an inscription, then you can buy a suitable adapter, on sale there are a lot of them are inexpensive. Judging by the reviews of readers, the charger works well from 220 V. Of course, before plugging in 220V (instead of 115V) is better to consult a specialist or a seller. Included accessories box and pencil case for carrying the trowel, as well as a standard quantity of 18 bits., which include: polishing paste; metal nets of different hardness; tapered cutters, cutting discs, drills. Backlighting of the working area, which is switched on by pressing the start button, is bright. with four LEDs placed around the spindle shaft. Three-step speed regulator works from “plus. minus” button and has five steps of regulation. rpm.: 10;15;20; 25; 28. motor is set to medium speed when turned on. On top of the housing there is a battery charge indicator, consisting of two LEDs: a red light signals the end of charging.

Keep in mind the peculiarities of Li. ion batteries. regardless of the intensity of work, they must be replaced every 5-6 years from the date of manufacture.

Vihr G-160GV” represents a domestic model

All-electric model and is a versatile tool for use from grinding to engraving. The kit includes directly to the groove, a plastic case, a flexible shaft, a set of nozzles. The unit weighs 630 grams with 160 W rated power. The speed of the nozzle is from 8000 to 30000 rpm and can be adjusted with a switch on the back of the housing. Number of adjustment steps from one to seven. On the opposite side is a power button. The motor is a collector, upgraded motor with quick access to the brushes, allowing for quick brush changes without opening the enclosure. Universal collet nozzle mounting system includes 2 x 3.2mm collets and 1 x 2.3mm collet.

Do not forget! a safety tip: unplug the power tool before changing bits.

Flexible shaft is used for work with small parts and engraving. Installation of the shaft is not difficult, for this purpose the end of the cable is inserted into the hole of the output shaft of the machine and it is fixed by the threaded clamp of the protective cover.

On the back of the body there is a metal bracket for the possibility of hanging the tool. Power or mechanical mini drill can be purchased at numerous dealerships, stores. On numerous Internet. resources you can order with delivery to the address, in case of poor-quality delivery the supplier guarantees a refund. When buying a manual manual mechanical drill by online order or by phone call, the product is delivered to the home address and the goods are paid to the courier.

Single-speed manual mechanical drill

One of the stages of the improvement of hand tools have become manual mechanical drill This device has a gear transmission, which allows you to increase the number of revolutions of the working shaft several times. The number of revolutions depends on the number of teeth of the big wheel, which is in mesh with the pinion fixed on the work shaft and through it with the chuck. RPM or speed depends on the ratio of the gearing. the greater the ratio of the number of teeth, the lower the effort and the higher the speed. Handle for drive is fixed on a big wheel. The drill bit chuck is usually internally threaded and is screwed to the shaft with it. Handles for gripping brushes can be on ball bearings, sleeves or simply rigidly mounted on the base, made of wood, various plastics, textolite. Hand-held rotary tongs and hand-operated drilling devices are easy to operate, i.e.The design is collapsible, which is very convenient for carrying in small cases or bags.

Devices with two-stage gearboxes

In addition to the single-speed gearbox, the hand-held tool is also equipped with a two-speed gearbox. Manual mechanical drill two-speed is a compact, light, reliable, multi-functional device. Such design reduces the size of the gear wheels, size, weight, as well as in some models used the device inclusion additional gear, which in meshing is already a two-stage small-sized multiplier (gear, working to increase the angular velocity of the output shaft), which greatly extends the functionality of the device, for example, at low speed drill can drill fragile materials such as tiles, at high. the metal. The main advantage of two-speed products: independence from electricity; power output depends only on muscular strength; high reliability, small size and weight. Also, the advantages include: a manual mechanical drill price is much lower than that of mains power tools, and even lower working from self-contained power sources.

The hammer drill. a tool from the history of electric drills!

Having dug in the workshops of our grandfathers, you can still find a special carpenter’s tool, which can be rightly considered the father of all electric drills. the hammer drill. In order not to confuse it with other types of drills, let’s understand together how it looks and what functions it performs.

Like almost any manual tool, which man invented an electric analog, the bolt is outdated. However, do not rush to throw it away if you dig up such a relic in your workshop. the tool has not changed its relevance. The most important advantage of this drill is the operation of the muscle “pull”. It doesn’t need electricity or a battery, just steady hands.

It looks like the simplest device of two parts. a frame and a drill chuck. The frame is bent in four places, forming an incomplete square or rectangle. the bent part is the handle, thanks to which it is possible to rotate the entire structure around its axis quite easily under the force of the master. On the top of the frame for convenience is attached a handle, which when rotating the frame in your hand remains stationary. Quite often the earth drill in the understanding of users is also called a chisel, but, in fact, it is called only one tool, namely, a drill.

There is even a special GOST. 25602-83, dedicated to rotary tools with interchangeable heads. While the service life of the frame is almost unlimited, the chuck will wear out pretty quickly if used intensively. The chuck is a double-sided attachment, in which the drill is attached at one end and the frame is attached on the other side.

In the simplest designs of this tool there is not even a chuck. instead of it there is a metal cavity, adapted for the retention of the drill bit shank. All you need to do to start working. to clamp the drill with an ordinary bolt, which is screwed into the socket on the side. If necessary, you can even make a disposable tool, bending a piece of rebar or metal rod in the shape of a staple, one end of which is sharpened, like a drill, and the other rests in a wooden die with a small depression.

By the way, this tool can be used not only as a drill, but also as a powerful screwdriver. All that is needed is to make a shank with an appropriate configuration for the head of this or that screw. For this case it will not be a pity to sacrifice an old screwdriver, and from two “old men” to make a very functional tool.

The hammer-head. a tool from the history of the electric drill!

Digging in the workshops of our grandfathers, you can still find a special carpenter tool, which can be rightly considered the father of all electric drills. the hammer. In order not to confuse it with other types of drills, let’s understand together how it looks and what functions it performs.

Like almost any hand tool, which man has invented an electric equivalent to replace it, the pick is obsolete. But do not rush to throw it away, if you dig out such a relic in your workshop. The most important advantage of this drill is the work from the muscular “pull”. It needs no electricity, no battery, just strong hands.

It looks like the simplest device consisting of two parts. a frame and a chuck for the drill. The frame is bent in four places, forming an incomplete square or rectangle. the curved part is a handle, which allows easy enough rotation of the entire structure around its axis when the master exerts force. On the top of the frame for convenience is attached a handle, which when rotating the frame in your hand remains stationary. Quite often, the earth drill in the understanding of users is also called a chisel, but, in fact, it is only one tool, namely, a drill.

There is even a special GOST. 25602-83, dedicated to spanners with interchangeable heads. If the service life of the device frame is almost unlimited, then the chuck under intensive use comes into disrepair quickly enough. The chuck is a double-sided fastener that holds the drill at one end and clamps the frame at the other.

In the simplest designs of this tool there is not even a chuck. instead there is a metal cavity, adapted to hold the shank of the drill. All you need to do to start the work is to clamp the drill with an ordinary bolt, which is screwed into the socket on the side. If necessary, you can even make a disposable tool by bending a piece of rebar or metal rod in the shape of a staple, one end of which is sharpened like a drill, and the other end rests in a wooden plate with a small depression.

By the way, this tool can be used not only as a drill, but also as a powerful screwdriver. All that is needed is to make a stinger with the appropriate configuration for the head of this or that screw. For this case it will not be a shame to sacrifice an old screwdriver and make a very functional tool from the two “old guys”.

Safety and nuances of selection

Before choosing a mechanical drill, special attention should be paid to the quality of workmanship of all visible parts, the smooth rotation of the chuck, the convenience of the handles. No burrs, sharp edges or edges on the housing, and the gears inside the gearbox should rotate without noise.

A mechanically simple hand drill requires no special skills when using it. But there are safety requirements that are designed to minimize the possibility of injury to the worker and tool breakage.

• Any workpiece to be drilled must be firmly clamped. If you hold it with your hands, it can break loose and cause injury.
• Do not touch the drill bit with your hands. friction causes it to become very hot, especially when metal is being drilled.
• When drilling at high RPM, take breaks to allow the drill to cool down or apply a cooling slurry.
• Protect your hands with gloves and your eyes with goggles, because fine drilling debris can cause injury, even though the speed is not as high.

Safety measures have been developed over many years, based on the analysis of accidents at work, and take into account the most negative cases from practice.

The manual drill is designed as follows

Mechanical drills, as a rule, are divided into one-speed and two-speed. The latter are considered more practical and versatile, despite the fact that the design is a little more complicated. However, it is possible to change the rotational speed, which extends the range of application.

A one-speed handheld mini drill is technically a pair of gears that transmit the rotation from the handle to the chuck. Quite often the gears are not even hidden in the housing, but left open.

The large pinion with the crank, which drives the mechanism, has a small (driven) pinion that is fixed to the joint shaft with the chuck. On the opposite end of the device from the chuck is mounted thrust handle, which allows you to hold the tool and guide it. the core drill is very simple in construction and is therefore phenomenally reliable and almost never breaks down.

Two-speed manual drills are somewhat more complex in design, the device is based on a mechanism called a two-stage multiplier. It is a mechanical gearbox consisting of a set of gears arranged on several axes in one housing.

In order to change the rotation speed, the crank is repositioned to the desired side, and the gear ratio is changed and, accordingly, the number of cartridge revolutions per one revolution of the crank. To be fair, it should be noted that there are models where the speed is changed by longitudinal shift of the handle rotation axis and it is not necessary to twist the handle itself to change the chuck rotation speed.

In general, a hand drill is a device that has a shoulder stop, one handle to rotate the chuck, and a handle located on the other side to hold the tool.

The chuck can be of different models, three- or four-jawed. The rotary knob is secured to the shaft, usually with a locking screw. The stop end is screwed into the housing from the right or left side. If necessary, all parts can be removed, gears can be cleaned and lubricated.

The electric drill is a sought-after construction and assembly tool that performs drilling work. This is not the end of its scope of application. Thanks to the mass of attachments, the tool can perform a variety of functions, from stirring construction mixtures, to polishing and sharpening drills.

Design and principle of operation

The drill is a compact and lightweight design, the main parts of which are:

The drill works on the principle that the electric motor transmits the torque via a gearbox to a chuck that secures the drill bit. Thanks to the use of a speed-reducing mechanism, the drill rotates a little slower than the motor itself, but it has increased force, so it does not stop when resisted.

Drill types

The drill is a fairly simple tool that has an uncomplicated design. However, there are several varieties of it, which differ in the structure of the gearbox and have different uses. Drills come in the following types:

Each of these tools has advantages and disadvantages. They are all suitable for drilling work, but have different additional functions. When choosing a tool, it is necessary to determine for what tasks it will be used, which will facilitate further operation.

Conventional design

The regular drill is very compact and lightweight. It can be used for drilling in wood, plastic and metal. It ensures the creation of a neat hole. Such a tool often has the ability to regulate the speed, which is useful when you need to drill in specific materials, when it is undesirable to bring the drill to overheat. Almost all conventional drills have an air reservoir. When it is switched over, the direction of rotation of the chuck changes. This makes it possible to twist the drill out of the chuck if it gets stuck.

Shock-absorbing design

Impact drills have a slightly modified gearbox with two additional gears. The rotation of the motor does not only transfer the speed to the chuck, but also ensures a rapid reciprocating movement of the chuck. Thanks to this, drilling has a chisel effect. It is necessary when working with stone, concrete and bricks. Impact drills make it possible to drill into walls, while drills with a regular drill cannot do this.

An impact drill has two modes of operation. The first is a simple chuck rotation, as in a conventional design, and the second involves additional gears that provide reciprocating motion. At first glance, the impact drill looks like a rotary drill, but it is not. The drill uses a pneumatic mechanism that is more reliable and efficient, making the drilling of holes faster.

Mixer type

The mixer drill has a larger gearbox. It has considerable power, but low speed. This tool is heavier than the first two varieties and works slower. Despite this, it can drill quite well in metal, plastic and wood. The advantage of the mixer design is the high pulling power of the gearbox. By installing a special nozzle with blades in the chuck, you can perform mixing of construction mixtures, such as concrete, glue, or plaster.

Screwdriver type

The screwdriver type drill can be used for drilling like a regular drill, and can also be used to screw in and out screws. It has a wide range of adjustable rotational speeds. In addition, it is equipped with a special ratchet. Its task is to disengage the rotation transfer to the chuck at a certain force, the force of which is set with the help of an adjustment scale. This is to prevent tearing off the threads in the screw seating hole.

The structure of a hand drill

Mechanical drills are usually divided into one-speed and two-speed. The latter are considered more practical and versatile, even though the design is a bit more complicated. However, it becomes possible to change the rotation speed, which expands the scope of application.

One-speed manual mini drill, technically a pair of gears that transmit rotation from the handle to the chuck. Quite often the gears are not even hidden in the housing, but left open.

The large drive pinion has a handle that drives the mechanism, the small (driven) pinion is fixed to the common shaft with a chuck. On the opposite end of the device from the chuck there is a thrust handle, which allows you to hold the tool and guide it. The construction is the simplest, due to which the manual drill has a phenomenal reliability and almost never fails.

Two-speed manual drills are somewhat more complex in design, the device is based on a mechanism called a two-stage multiplier. This is a mechanical gearbox consisting of a set of gears arranged on several axes in one housing.

In order to change the speed, the handle is reinserted into the right side, and thus changes the gear ratio and, accordingly, the number of revolutions per revolution of the chuck handle. To be fair, it should be noted that there are models where the speed is changed by longitudinal shift of the handle rotation axis and it is not necessary to twist the handle itself to change the chuck rotation speed.

In general, a hand drill is a device that has a shoulder stop, one handle for turning the chuck, and a handle on the other side to hold the tool.

The chuck can be of different models, three- or four-jawed. The rotary knob is secured to the shaft, usually with a locking screw. The stop is screwed into the housing on the right or left. All parts can be removed if necessary, gears can be cleaned and lubricated.

The electric drill is a sought-after construction and installation tool that performs drilling work. This is not the end of the range of application. Thanks to the mass of attachments, the tool can perform a whole range of functions, from stirring construction mixtures, polishing to sharpening drills.

Design and function

The drill is a compact and lightweight design, the main parts of which are:

The drill works on the principle that the electric motor transmits the torque via a gearbox to a chuck that secures the drill bit. Thanks to the use of a speed-reducing mechanism, the drill rotates a little slower than the motor itself, but with increased force, so it does not stop when resistance is encountered.

Drill types

The drill is a fairly simple tool that has an uncomplicated design. Nevertheless, there are several varieties, which differ in the structure of the gearbox and have different uses. Drills come in the following types:

Each of these tools has its own advantages and disadvantages. All of them are suitable for drilling work, but they have various additional functions. When choosing a tool, it is necessary to determine for what tasks it will be used, which will facilitate further operation.

Conventional design

The conventional drill is very compact and lightweight. It can be used for drilling in wood, plastic, and metal. It ensures the creation of a neat hole. Such a tool often has the ability to adjust the speed, which is useful when you need to drill specific materials, when it is undesirable to bring the drill to overheat. Almost all conventional drill models have an air reservoir. When it is switched, the direction of rotation of the chuck is reversed. It enables the drill to be unscrewed if it ever gets stuck.

Impact drill

Impact drills have a slightly modified gearbox, in which two gears are added. The rotation of the motor not only transfers rotation to the chuck, but also its rapid reciprocating motion. Thanks to this, drilling has a chisel effect. It is necessary when working with stone, concrete and bricks. Impact drills can drill into walls, while regular drills cannot.

Impact drills have two modes of operation. The first one simply rotates the chuck as in a conventional design, while the second one uses additional gears that provide reciprocating motion. At first glance, an impact drill looks like a torch, but it is not. The core drill uses a pneumatic mechanism that is more reliable and efficient, making it quicker to punch holes.

Mixer type

The mixer drill has a larger gearbox. That is why it has a considerable power, but low speed. This tool is heavier than the first two varieties and operates more slowly. It is, however, quite capable of drilling in metal, plastic and wood. The advantage of the mixer design is the high tractive power of the gearbox. With a special paddle attachment in the chuck, mortars such as concrete, adhesive or plaster can be mixed.

Screwdriver type

The screwdriver-type drill can be used for drilling like a conventional drill, as well as for screwing and unscrewing. It has a wide range of rotation speed adjustment. It is also equipped with a special ratchet. Its purpose is to cut off the power supply to the chuck at a certain force, the force of which is set with the help of an adjusting scale. This is necessary to prevent tearing off the thread in the screw seating hole.

Working with a hand drill

When working with a hand-held power drill, it is important to observe the safety precautions at work. Such a tool is less dangerous than its electric counterparts, but, nevertheless, you can cause irreparable damage to your health. It is important to observe the following recommendations when working with the device in question:

• The part being drilled or the fastener being screwed into must be securely fastened, otherwise you could injure yourself.
• Drill, as well as on power tools, when drilling tends to heat up, so you should not rush to take it in your hand after finishing work.
• During drilling, it is important to let the drill cool down, as its excessive overheating can cause dulling and damage.
• It is important to wear safety glasses and gloves when working with the tool.

Observing the simplest safety rules when working with a hand drill will prevent serious injuries and damage.