What kind of deformation does the saw teeth experience?

Photo gallery: varieties of hand saws

Thus, having carefully studied all the nuances regarding hand hacksaws, everyone will be able to choose the most suitable option for themselves. Choosing the right tool will provide you with quality and enjoyable work.

self-sharpening hacksaw teeth for wood

But modern hacksaws, unlike classic ones, have hardened teeth with a non-standard trapezoidal shape. These saws are endowed with increased strength and wear resistance. Their steel will not give in to sharpening, and it is very difficult to observe all the angles of the sharpened teeth.

kind, deformation, does, teeth

Modern hacksaws are made with hardened trapezoid-shaped teeth.

saw

Rather than simply duplicating different hand saws, the saws have evolved and filled their own niches. For example, a radial arm saw expands the capabilities of the miter saw and circular saw, rather than simply duplicating them. Saws are divided into 3 categories by cutting method: band saws, piston blades and circular saws.

Number of teeth per inch of saw blade

Indicated by the TPI coefficient. With an increase in the coefficient, the pitch of the teeth decreases, and their number increases. Large wooden parts are better cut with a hacksaw with large teeth and a TPI value of 3 to 6. For medium-sized parts, a TPI 7–9, that is, an interdental pitch of 3–3.5 mm, works well. Fine carpentry works with models with TPI 9-15.

Handle type

The quality of the handle affects the ease of use of the tool. It can be wooden or plastic. The presence of scars or rubber inserts prevents the hand from slipping. The handle can be overhead. This makes it possible to change the canvas.

Plastic handle with rubber inserts prevents the hand from slipping

Tool selection criteria

To choose which hacksaw will be better for wood, you need to decide on the purpose of purchasing it. A hacksaw with a large tooth is used in carpentry, and with a fine tooth in carpentry.

If the tool is rarely used, then it will be right to choose a model with hardened teeth, since during the work you will not have to think about their divorce and sharpening.

Inspecting whether the tool is of high quality, you need to bend the blade at an angle of 45º and release it. If, upon re-examination, any deviations in the fold are noticeable, this indicates a low quality of the metal.

If you choose a tool handle, then it is most convenient to work with a solid one, which has a rubberized support for the fingers. Models are available with flip-top and standard handles. Reversible handles allow you to change the blade in a hacksaw at any time.

Jigsaw

(see our TOP-10 jigsaws)

This small saw has a short, fine-toothed blade that moves up and down at variable speeds. It is one of the few saws specifically designed for cutting curves and other uneven lines. Since this is a very mobile device, it is better to choose it with a long cord or even a wireless version.

Cutting saw

The cut-off saw is one of the largest portable circular saws available. It is used both in metalworking and for cutting stone. A concrete saw often has a water line connection to reduce dust while cutting.

Both types of cut-off saws use toothless blades (discs) made of special abrasives, depending on the material to be cut. Rip saws are also known as erection saws, concrete and abrasive saws.

Chain saws

Often, when working with wood, it is not the cleanliness and accuracy of the cut that is important, but its depth. This is exactly the task that a chain saw solves. a powerful device with an electric or gasoline engine, designed for felling and cutting firewood.

It has two main interrelated technical parameters:

  • Engine power;
  • Bus length.

A bar is called two flat plates connected to each other with a small gap for installing a saw chain. At one end it has a driven sprocket, and on the other there are cutouts for the tensioner.

The power of the electric chain saws ranges from 1.5 to 4 kW. When choosing a device for household work on the site, it is better to stop at a power of 1.5 to 2 kW with a saw bar length of 30 to 40 cm.This is quite enough not only for sanitary pruning of the garden, but also for harvesting firewood.

If necessary, such a tool can dissolve a board, log or timber, although you will not get high quality and cutting accuracy.

There are two types of chain saws:

  • With lateral (transverse) engine placement;
  • With longitudinal motor installation.

The first type is simpler in design and cheaper in price. But the second is more convenient to use, although more expensive due to the introduction of a gearbox into the design.

The main thing that gives the owner a chain chainsaw is autonomy. With such a tool, you can go into the forest and cut firewood there. For such a significant plus, you will have to pay a price: chainsaws are more complex in design than electric ones. This difference is especially felt when buying a cheap “but-hiring” device. Problems with starting, carburetor, rings and spark plugs are frequent companions of such a purchase. Therefore, it is better to purchase a more expensive chainsaw than to lose money when operating an economy option.

Circular saws

The idea of ​​replacing the back-and-forth motion of the cutting blade with a circular one can rightfully be called revolutionary. It arose after the advent of the electric motor and significantly increased the speed and productivity of work.

A typical representative of a tool that uses this principle is a circular saw. Its main advantages. mobility and high power overshadowed the modest capabilities of a hand hacksaw.

By design, circular saws are divided into geared and gearless. In the first case, an electric motor rotates a gear reducer, on the shaft of which there is a saw blade. The second option is to mount the disc directly on the rotor shaft of the electric motor. Both designs have a mechanism for adjusting the cutting depth and tilt angle.

The advantage of gear mechanisms is the ability to cut deeper. Gearless saws have two advantages: less weight and an affordable price.

The second category of differences is in the features of the saw blade. He can be active or passive. Everything here is determined by the shape of the tooth. The active disc has bent teeth in the direction of rotation.

In the passive, they are inclined against the course (negative sharpening angle).

Passive discs are indispensable when cutting metal. Active ones are used for wood processing. The teeth of the disc can be tipped with carbide. They make it possible to cut harder materials, but negatively affect the cleanliness of the cut.

The working capabilities of the tool depend on the power of the electric motor (from 0.65 to 2.5 kW). Manufacturers also indicate the maximum depth of cut that can be performed with a circular saw (25 to 85 mm).

A variation of this power tool is a circular saw, which is mounted on a fixed bed. This solution allows you to cut long and wide material with high precision.

Some manufacturers offer an interesting compromise. hand-held circular saws that can be turned over and fixed on the table, turning into a stationary “circular”.

Answering the question, what kind of saws are, one cannot fail to mention the miter devices. In this case, the saw blade is mounted on a pendulum arm. A rotary plate with protractor (corner) markings is used as a bed.

The advantages of a miter saw over a circular saw are obvious: you can make a perfectly accurate cross-cut at any angle. This operation is especially important when joining various wooden parts (platband, plinth, lining, timber).

It all started with a simple hacksaw

It is this saw that is the ancestor of the family of hand tools designed for woodworking. As soon as the first iron ingot was smelted, a person had the idea to forge a tool for cultivating the land from it.

It can be assumed that the ax became the second after the hoe. The third was probably a saw with a handle, known to us today as a hacksaw. Over the centuries that have passed since its invention, she has acquired numerous “brothers and sisters”, performing dozens of different jobs.

The accepted classification divides this type of hand saw into two groups:

  • Hacksaws for wood;
  • Hacksaws for metal.

Depending on the direction of cutting, hand saws for wood are divided into three categories:

  • For rip sawing cutting;
  • For cross cutting;
  • Universal (longitudinal-transverse).

The difference between them lies in the shape of the cutting teeth: they are inclined forward on the rip saw, and straight on the cross hacksaw.

The universal hacksaw tooth is also tilted forward, but has a special sharpening. It allows you to cut along and across the grain.

By design, hand saws are divided into several types:

  • Classic hacksaws (transverse or longitudinal cutting);
  • Circular saws (for cutting holes);
  • Spike saws (for cutting connecting spikes).

When choosing a hand hacksaw, not only the shape, but the size of the teeth plays an important role.

There are three types of incisors:

  • Fine tooth. 2.0-2.5 mm (for high-precision sawing and cutting of small items);
  • Medium tooth. 3.0-3.5 mm (for medium-sized parts);
  • Coarse tooth. 4.0-6.0 mm (for coarse cutting of bars and logs).

The international classification divides hacksaws not by the height of the teeth, but by their number per 1 inch of the cutting blade. This standard has taken root in our country, so do not be surprised if you see the letters PPI or TPI on the instrument label. The number behind them is the number of teeth per inch of length. The larger it is, the smaller the tooth (e.g. PPI 8 or TPI 14).

Today on the market you can see a modernized type of hacksaws. They can be easily distinguished by the gaps cut in the canvas. As a result, the teeth are arranged in groups of 6-7 pieces.

This tool is designed for cutting raw wood. The gaps between the teeth are needed so that wet chips do not clog the cut and are easily removed during work.

In addition to the usual hand hacksaws, users are now offered an electrified version of the tool. Powerful electric hawser can easily cope with a large volume of sawn timber cutting without too tiring the owner.

Its versatility is achieved by being equipped with saws with different lengths and widths of the blade and the size of the teeth. This allows you to successfully work not only in wood, but also in plastic and metal. Another name for this tool is reciprocating saw.

The main parameter characterizing the capabilities of electric hackers is power. It ranges from 400 to 1600 watts. The cutting depth directly depends on it, which ranges from 90 mm for household models, up to 200 mm for professional models.

Hand tools for metal processing are not so diverse. There is only one type of hand saw that can cut this material. Its working body is a wide or narrow blade with fine hardened teeth. It is inserted into the bow holder and tightened with a screw.

What are the saws: the main types and characteristics of the tool

The household also cannot do without saws. Every man has at least one hacksaw, and a good master has a whole arsenal of “toothy helpers”.

We will look at the most common types of saws to get an idea of ​​their working capabilities and application features.

Jigsaw

Circular and chain saws cannot replace a device that uses a narrow blade that moves up and down at a high frequency.

Thanks to this arrangement of the working body, the jigsaw allows you to quickly and accurately cut curved flat parts. Plywood, ceramics and plastic, OSB and soft metal. all this can be cut with a good jigsaw with a quality file.

For each material, manufacturers make special saws, which differ both in the inclination of the teeth and in their frequency.

For example, wood is better cut by a file with a large tooth. With sheet metal, a blade with a fine serrated notch will confidently cope. We will not give special recommendations on the choice of saws for a jigsaw, since the manufacturer on each of them indicates the recommended type of material.

The main technical parameters of the jigsaw are engine power, saw stroke frequency and maximum cutting depth (indicated for different materials).

For household models, these parameters are within the following limits:

  • Power from 400 to 900 watts.;
  • Stroke frequency (with the possibility of smooth adjustment from 0 to 3000 rpm);
  • Cutting depth (wood. 45- 80 mm, steel from 4 to 20 mm).

A useful option for the jigsaw is a laser pointer. It helps to clearly see the direction of the cut when the line is hidden under a layer of sawdust. When choosing an electric jigsaw, pay special attention to the attachment in which the file is attached. It should provide the most reliable clamp. Otherwise, the file will regularly pop out of its weak “embrace”.

Band-saw

The logical development of the jigsaw design has become a compact band saw. Its working body is a closed steel belt with teeth, which is rotated by an electric motor.

Sawing with its help is easier than working with a jigsaw, which vibrates strongly and strives to get out of your hands. The cleanliness and precision of the band saw is ideal. This not only reduces waste, but also produces a cut surface that does not require sanding.

Which Way Do the Blade Teeth Go on a Table Saw?

The workpiece can be held here with two hands, which increases the accuracy of operations when cutting curved elements.

The main indicator of band saws for wood is the cutting depth, which can be from 8 to 50 cm.The jigsaw and circular saw are not able to cut such a thick material.

Other characteristics apply to cutting blades.

There are two categories here:

  • Carbon saws (made of steel С75 and analogs);
  • Alloy saw blades made of D6A steel (have increased wear resistance and resistance to alternating loads).

Depending on the manufacturing technology and hardening of the cutting teeth, the blades are divided into two types:

  • Saw blades with serrated unhardened teeth;
  • Sliced ​​hardened tooth blades.

The advantages of the saws of the first type are low cost and the ability to cut wood with foreign inclusions: nails, stones, splinters. They work with such a blade at small sawing volumes (2-4 m3 per day) and at a minimum feed speed (6-10 meters per minute).

The main advantage of a saw blade with a hardened tooth is its high wear resistance (2 times higher than that of saws with unhardened cutters). Disadvantages. high cost and sensitivity to foreign inclusions.

The rest of the parameters of the band saws are summarized in a simple list:

  • Web width;
  • Teeth Per Inch Length (TPI).

For standard sawing jobs, a 1/2 ″ band is ideal. Narrower blades (3/8 “) are used for shape cutting.

The number of teeth of the cutting strip directly affects the evenness of the cut (the more there are, the smoother the cut). Coarse saw blades (2.3 TPI) are used for cutting wood and logs up to 200 mm thick. For cleaner work, saws with 6 TPI are used, and for precise cutting, the size 10-14 TPI is used. Optimum size for high productivity and good cut quality. 8 TPI.

The metal table saw is similar in design to a wood cutter. However, its capabilities are more modest. This tool can only perform cross-cutting of rolled steel (pipes, angle bars, fittings, channel bars) at different angles.

IV. SAWING FRAMES

Saw teeth trajectories. When sawing, the saw teeth simultaneously participate in several movements: in the main movement of the saw frame; in the auxiliary swing motion; in the movement of the log by the feeder. Each tooth describes its own trajectory. The distance between two adjacent paths in the direction of the log feed during the working stroke determines the feed per tooth.

When determining the features of the trajectories of movement of the teeth in the case of sawing with an additional retraction of the saw frame to the bottom of the cut, it is necessary to take into account that this retraction, decreasing the feed per tooth, at the end of the working stroke causes an increase in the feed per tooth at the beginning of the working stroke. Using the formula, you can determine the swing of the additional swing of the saw frame in the horizontal direction, depending on the desired feed per tooth at the end of the working stroke

The effect of additional swinging of the saw frame on the increase in feed per tooth at the beginning of the working stroke and the corresponding decrease at the end of cutting are very significant. Variation in feeds per tooth creates zonal degradations in cut cleanliness at the start and end of each stroke. In addition, an increase in feed per tooth at the end of the working stroke contributes to the formation of wood flakes along the lower edge of the cut in sawmills with continuous feed and straight movement of the saw frame in the case of intensive sawing modes.

Jogging saw frames per working stroke usually have synchronized cutting and feeding movements.

Influence of kinematics on chip removal. Sawing is possible when the wood that is shredded by the teeth is removed from the cutting area. During the reciprocating motion of the saws, the bulk of the shavings from the depressions that extend beyond the cut are thrown out. Part of the shavings from the cutting zone and the base of the hollows falls into the gaps between the kerf and the saw blade. With an increase in the cutting height, the proportion of chips that are removed by extrusion increases. When the cutting height is equal to or greater than the saw frame stroke, the removal of shavings from hollows that do not go beyond the kerf on saw frames with a straight saw frame movement occurs only by squeezing them into the gaps between the saw blade and the kerf walls. Studies have shown that even when the feed per tooth is several times greater than the gap between the saw blade and the cut walls, the extrusion of chips into the gaps does not stop. Extrusion efficiency increases with decreasing chip size.

The path of the cutting movement and the regularity of the feed have a decisive influence on the movement of chips in the cut. This process is during the idle period for saw frames with continuous feed and straight motion of the saw frame. The main feature of this process is the upward movement of the chips remaining in the cavities. Some of them, when they go beyond the cut, release the depressions, some are pulled by friction forces into the gaps between the saw blade and the walls of the cut. The chips in the hollows are in a compressed state, therefore, as soon as the hollow extends beyond the cut, the chips fly out of the hollows at a significant speed. The process of freeing cavities from chips is directly related to the shape of the cavities. Favorable conditions for the release of cavities are created when their depth is small, and the angle between the front and back edges of the teeth is significant.

The movement of shavings relative to the cutting surfaces during the working and idle strokes is associated with significant energy costs. Large additional frictional forces are generated between the saw blade and the chip layer pressed into the side of the cut. A radical improvement in the sawing process occurs when the saw frame moves along a closed curved path with the teeth moving away from the bottom of the cut during the idle period.

Moving the teeth away from the bottom of the cut creates a space into which the chips are forced. In this case, they turn out to be fixed by the frictional forces between the walls of the cut and do not rise with the saws. Optimal swing of additional swing of the saw frame K. A / 2.

Influence of kinematics on the quality of sawing. The main indicators of the sawing quality are the roughness and straightness of the cutting surface. The condition of the surface of the layers is also important. It was found that the layers adjacent to the cut surfaces are significantly weakened by internal cracks. The depth of propagation of these cracks is directly related to the feed per tooth when sawing.

Earlier, it was mentioned that there is a significant difference between the actual chip thickness at continuous feed at different sections of the cutting path and its average value. As a result, the depth of microcracks in different zones of the cut surface changes.

When high demands are made on the physical and mechanical properties of surfaces, the minimum depth of planing is determined not by the height of the surface irregularities of the cut, but by the thickness of the layer weakened by microcracks. The maximum roughness of destruction and microcracks are in the zone of the greatest thickness of the chips.

In sawmills with continuous feed and straight-line movement of the saw frame, a cyclical increase in the thickness of the chips occurs at the beginning and end of the working stroke.

Studies have shown that the depth of cracks is determined by the shape and size of the deformation fields. The deformation fields of wood depend not only on the thickness of the chips, but also on the angular parameters of the teeth and their shape. A decrease in the width of the leading cutting edge and the formation of a bevel on the leading edge localize deformation fields and reduce the depth of cracks. At the same time, roughness irregularities are reduced.

The greatest wood loss is usually associated with waviness in the cut, which is usually caused by the loss of stability of the saw blades. From a stable flat state, the saw blades deduce the spin forces. Their value is primarily associated with a change in the clearance angle. With a decrease in it at the beginning and end of the working stroke, the spinning forces increase sharply. The most dangerous is the loss of stability of the saw blade at the beginning of the working stroke.

The main advantage of intermittent sawmill frames with respect to the kinematics of the sawing process is the ability to obtain chips of constant thickness along the entire cutting path. Such frames are characterized by a more uniform state of the cut surface. The condition of the cut surfaces on frames with jogging feeds per working stroke with the same parcels is often worse than on frames with continuous feed. The reason for this is the imperfect design of the jogging mechanisms. Due to the slipping of the cams relative to the friction disk and elastic deformations of the elements of the feed mechanism, the log begins to move after the saw frame has been moved a considerable distance. The log stops before the end of the working stroke. Thus, the period of the actual movement of the log is significantly less than the period of the working stroke. As a result, the number of teeth involved in the work is reduced and the thickness of the chips being cut off by the teeth increases.

To make full use of the saw stroke, the jogging mechanism must be ahead of time and off delayed. The amount of overlap of the beginning and end of the period of movement of the log is determined by the rigidity of the elements of the feeder. Usually, the feed lead is taken equal to 25-35 °. Leading the start and lagging of the end of the feed causes significant difficulties in the design of the feed mechanism.

In the process of sawing on sawmill frames, a number of forces act between the log (bar) and the elements of the machine. The most important of them are the forces of interaction of the teeth with the wood, the forces of friction of shavings against the walls of the cut and the saw blade, the resistance forces of the logs and trolleys, arising from cyclical changes in the feed rate.

It is possible to analytically determine the component of tangential forces P2, knowing the current values ​​of the chip thickness at different positions of the saw frame, the state of the blades and the physical and mechanical properties of wood

At the start of idling, scraping forces act on the tooth blades. After the contact between the blades and the bottom of the cut ceases, only the friction forces of the chip briquettes and the saw blade on the cutting surface act on the saws. At the end of the idle stroke, the teeth may touch the bottom of the cut, as a result, the magnitude of the tangential component of the force will slightly increase. This phenomenon is observed when the saw slope is insufficient.

The total resultant of the normal components of the forces also undergoes very significant changes during the period of the double stroke of the saw frame. Depending on the cutting angle, feed per tooth, blade sharpness, the force Qp.x during the working stroke can squeeze or tighten the saw tooth. During the idle period, the Qx.x force always pushes the teeth.

The nature of the change in the normal component of the force acting on the saw tooth is fundamentally different from the nature of the change in the cutting force in that with an increase in feed, it is not an increase in the pressing force that is detected, but its decrease and even a transition to the pulling force. However, it does not follow from this that when sawing on sawmills, the saws can always be subject to a pulling force. In addition to the force of interaction of the tooth with the processing surface, the friction forces of the briquettes of shavings and the saw blade on the saw cut act on the saw. The magnitude of these forces always exceeds the pulling force Rc. Research has shown that saws can pull in logs on jog saw frames during idle.

Due to the insignificance of the clearance angle, some of the chips are wedged between the bottom of the cut and the back edge of the tooth, if the kinematics of the saw frame movement does not ensure that the saws advance from the bottom of the cut. As a result of this, a significant force of resistance to feed appears during the idle period on saw frames with a rectilinear movement of the saw frame. During the period when the saw frame stops in the lower extreme position and at the beginning of the working stroke, the normal component of the force is equal to the tractive force of the feed mechanism.

In order not to overload the saws and the structural elements of the saw frame with significant normal component forces, it is necessary to limit the maximum traction force of the feed mechanism. The easiest way to achieve this limitation is to use variators with a torque limit clutch, hydraulic drives with a maximum pressure control valve or torque limit couplings.

The average force of resistance to the feed from the saws is approximately 0.3-0.5 of the average tangential force per one revolution of the crankshaft, that is, it can be determined by the power consumed by the sawmill for sawing. The main resistance to the movement of the log (bar), overcome by the feed mechanism, is provided not by the saws, but by the guide apparatus and the inertial forces that arise during the period of cyclic acceleration of the log and carriage.

The transformation of a part of the wood into shavings (sawdust) when sawing on sawmills occurs as a result of the interaction of cutting and feeding mechanisms. The main feature of sawmill frames is cutting off shavings only during the working stroke. Idling is a preparatory operation. The total cost of work per revolution of the crankshaft (cycle) is the sum of the costs during the working and idle periods

Determination of the current values ​​of the thickness of the chips and the specific pressure on the leading edges of the teeth makes the calculation cumbersome. Therefore, power is often calculated with sufficient accuracy using simpler formulas that take into account the average feed per tooth. The possibility of such a calculation follows from the regularities of the change in the tangential components of the forces in one cycle. Areas where there is a significant increase in feeds per tooth are small. Therefore, using the averaged values ​​of Uz, they reflect the main energy picture of the process.

The formula is convenient for its simplicity, but does not reflect the physical essence of the sawing process, since it is built without taking into account the geometric dimensions of the chips with the assumption that all the constituent forces will increase when the blades are blunt, which is not true. In this regard, for calculations using such a formula, numerous tables are required to determine Kb, taking into account the thickness of the shavings cut off by the teeth, the type of wood, moisture, the ratio of the cutting height and the stroke of the saw frame, the sharpness of the saws and other factors.

Determining the power consumption for feed using volumetric formulas is impractical, because, as noted earlier, the normal component of the cutting and friction forces has no direct connection with the tangential force. In addition, the normal component of the cutting and friction forces is small compared to the feed resistance forces in the guide vane and inertial forces. Thus, in all cases, the formula should be used to determine the average value of the feed resistance force. The sawing power depends on the kinematics of the process. For saw frames with straight saw frame movement, an increase in the cutting height causes an increase in the specific sawing work. As long as the cutting height is negligible, the graph is straightforward. In the area of ​​cut heights of 0.9—1 mm of the frame stroke, the steepness of the graphs increases sharply. This nature of the dependencies reflects a change in the leading method of removing chips from their direct ejection to pushing part of the chips into the gaps between the saw cut and the saw blade. With an increase in the stroke of the saw frame, the specific work becomes smaller and the zone of straight sections expands.

Providing the saw frame with an additional swinging motion in the feed direction creates the conditions for directed ejection of all chips downward at any ratio of cutting height and stroke. For saw frames with an elliptical path of the saw frame, the straightness of the graphs is maintained throughout. It is important that the swing of the additional swing of the saw frame corresponds to the size of the send.

the influence of the additional swing swing on the specific work of sawing at different cutting heights. The best cutting conditions are created when the swing of the additional saw frame is equal to half the parcel. The effectiveness of additional swinging of the saw frame increases with increasing cutting height. This relationship is completely understandable, given that with a low cutting height and straight motion of the saw frame, there are favorable conditions for ejection of chips from the depressions. The graphs were obtained when sawing pine with a moisture content of 60-70% (density in an absolutely dry state is 0.42 g / cm3).

The saw teeth should be spread in a wooden vise (Fig. 11, e), clamping the saw blade near the mowing line of the base of the teeth.

From the point of view of convenience in work and obtaining a more accurate cut, it is preferable to saws with teeth having cutting angles from 100 to 120 °, i.e. saws.

Two adjacent saw teeth are bent in different directions (divorced). When restoring band saws, teeth are re-cut on them.

Thus, a good cut of the entire pipe is achieved and there is no danger that the saw teeth will jam in the cut of the pipe and break.

Saw blades come in different lengths with handles at the ends. It is recommended to set the teeth of such saws 1 mm thicker than the saw blade or.

Band saw blades with carbide cutting edges. Circular saws. sharpening saws. types of teeth of various saws.

In this case, the saw teeth are chopped off, the blade is ground down and new teeth of the desired shape and height are cut. Align, or join, the teeth like this.

Sizes of band saws recommended by VNII. The rake angle of the teeth is y = 0 ± 2 °, the clearance angle is a = 35 ± 2 °. The band saw teeth are set in both directions. Type I wire routing is shown on 1.

The main disadvantage of saws is a large tooth, while a carpentry saw should have “mouse tooth”. small and frequent with a step of 2—3 mm.

Sharpening of saws for cross-cutting is done obliquely, at an angle of 45-60 °, in relation to the lateral surface of the blade. The teeth of such a saw work when moving in both directions.

Pulling and Inserting New Saw Teeth

Cross saws with isosceles triangle teeth that are sharpened on both sides are used to cut planks, bars and slats across the grain.

a. elements of the saw tooth. and the angles of the teeth of saws for different purposes: /. elements of the saw tooth /. tooth pitch; 2— front short cutting edge.

This fine-toothed saw is indispensable for particularly delicate work. Remember that the saw teeth are turned slightly to the right and left. This is called a set of teeth.

Setting, dressing and sharpening saw teeth. Hand saws. The teeth of every saw must be set, aligned and sharpened.

Gang saws must be rolled at least 3.4 times during their service life. Gang saw teeth are set, crimped and guided with stellite, VZKR and VZK.

Crosscutting wood with circular saws. When crosscutting, the operating conditions of the saw teeth differ significantly from those of ripping saws.

Setting, dressing and sharpening saw teeth. Hand saws. The teeth of every saw must be set, aligned and sharpened.

The thickness of the web should not exceed 1 mm. Saw teeth come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Shaped Tooth Saws.

The purpose of the sinuses is to collect sawdust and throw them out when leaving the cut. Saw teeth come in different heights and pitches.

Band saws are made of alloy steel grade 9HF, 65HF and U10A narrow carpentry saws. Blade hardness HRC3 41.45.Band saw teeth are set.

Circular saws have a narrow blade (7-8 mm) and fine teeth 2-3 mm high. If the height of the saw teeth is not the same, then before sharpening, the saw is adjusted.

A circular saw is performed in the form of a metal plate, on the working edge of which there are teeth. Circular saw blades are available with or without carbide.

Before sharpening, the teeth of any saw are bred, the divorce is straightened and only then sharpened. The divorce is done so that it is no more than 1.5-2 times the thickness of the saw blade.

Circular saws. sharpening saws. Saws can work “from themselves” and “towards themselves” depending on which side the inclination of their teeth is facing.

Larger cutters (saw blade teeth, planer shaft knives, etc.) reduce chip thickness and improve cleanliness.

The tooth pitch of circular segment saws for cutting round and square bars is shown below. Saw blades are made of steel 50G or 65G; hardness of disks HB 228-321.

The teeth of these saws have a triangle shape and are straight sharpened so that they can be sawed in one direction. For cross-cut saws, a short cutting edge separates the fibers.

The setting consists in unbending the saw teeth along its entire length: one to the left, the other to the right (3.23). The damp the processed wood, the more the layout should be.

Machine tools cutters drills planers chisels. By the shape of the teeth, saws are distinguished for ripping, mixed and cross cutting (5.23).

To prevent the saw from being clamped in the cut, the saw teeth are set or the teeth are flattened, expanding them in the cross section (5.56).

See also:

Sawing wood with strip (frame) saws is carried out on sawmills. the head machines of the sawmill.

Depending on the purpose, the line saw machines in the sawmill are divided into log saws and dividing.

Main technological equipment at the woodworking plant: double-deck sawmills and circular saw machines for sawing logs, automatic.

Circular saws for longitudinal cutting of cants up to 200 mm thick on boards can replace second row saw frames.

Main technological equipment at the woodworking plant: double-deck sawmills and circular sawing machines for sawing logs, automatic.

Sawing wood with strip (frame) saws is carried out on sawmills. the head machines of the sawmill.