The device of the pump of an automatic washing machine and the features of its operation are far from every inhabitant, and despite the fact that the pump is one of the most important elements of the entire washing mechanism. Let’s try to figure out what such a pump consists of, what its varieties are, the main differences in operation and maintenance.
The principle of operation of the pump and the washing machine
In modern automatic washing machines water flows by gravity, that is, under the pressure of water from the tap to which the equipment is connected. Based on the software settings selected at the discretion of the user, the solenoid valve that allows water to pass through is opened to let in the right amount of liquid into the working chamber.
The water level in the washing “drum” is controlled by a special sensor called the “pressure switch”.
Passing through the containers for detergents, water is mixed with them, and gets into the washing drum, where it is in the process of washing. When the wash is completed, through a special hose, the "spent" liquid enters the pump. When the appropriate system signal arrives, the pump starts pumping dirty water from the tank into the drain hose and then into the sewer hole until the water in the drum is completely empty. The same thing happens during the rinse process, but already without the participation of washing powder and other detergents. The spinning process also occurs with the direct participation of the pump.
Pump device
The washing machine pump is, in most cases, induction motor low power, equipped with a magnetic rotor rotating at a speed of not more than 3,000 thousand revolutions per minute. Drain pumps are distinguished by the type of “snail” and the filter integrated in them, which traps debris and foreign small objects in the waste water.
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Expensive modern AGRs have two varieties of pumps:
The first (drain) are responsible for pumping water after washing from the working tank, the second. for the circulation of water during rinsing and washing. Less expensive washing machines are equipped exclusively drain pumps.
In its design, the rotor of the drain pump resembles a magnet of cylindrical design.
In turn, the blades mounted on the axis of the rotor are deployed in relation to it at an angle of 180 degrees. When the drain device is started, the rotor first enters into operation, after which the blades begin to rotate.
The motor core itself has two windings connected to each other. Their total resistance is 200 ohms. If we talk about low-power washing machine engines, then the external fitting is always in the middle of the body. It is equipped with rubber valves with reverse action, which prevent liquid from entering the SMA tank from the drain pipe. Under the pressure of water from the water supply network, this valve opens, but when the pressure stops, it closes back.
Another type of drain pump allows water to flow in only one direction.
In such devices, to prevent gravity, water is used sealing cuffs. This is necessary so that water does not get into the bearing. The rotor shaft in such a mechanism passes through the main lip sleeve, equipped with corrugations on both sides and crimped from a special spring ring. Before the cuff is installed in the corresponding sleeve, it is necessarily treated with special lubricant so that a sufficiently thick layer of substance forms on its surface. This significantly increases the life of the element.
Terms of Use
With proper care, the SMA pump serves 9-11 years on average. In order for this period not to be reduced, it is necessary:
- provide sufficient water purity (you must ensure that there are no foreign objects in the pockets of the laundry, as well as remove pieces of dried dirt before washing);
- keep track of serviceability of filters;
- prevent the appearance of scale (for this it is recommended to use special additives for water);
- empty the tank completely upon completion of the wash (wait until the water from the working tank is pumped out 100%).
It should be noted that if the pump still breaks, it is never repaired, but replaced with a new device. over, only a qualified specialist should do this.