Stone cutting machine
Currently, one of the most indispensable at the construction site and in the finishing of buildings is such a kind of equipment as a stone-cutting machine or tile cutter. Thanks to their work, you can quickly and accurately cut a variety of materials created for construction, guided by the required parameters, cutting the material of the desired shape and size.
Using in the work of a machine for cutting stone, it is quite realistic to cut such materials as natural stone, porcelain, marble, ceramic, brick, granite, concrete and concrete pipes, as well as many others.
Today the construction materials market is ready to provide a wide range of stone-cutting equipment. But as a rule, they differ in their technical characteristics and the manufacturer. Technical characteristics include such parameters as power, diameter of the cutting disc, length and depth of cut, whether it is possible to make a cut at an angle of up to 45 degrees.
Some of the latest developments have proven to be very effective in terms of high cutting accuracy. Thanks to this, the joints between the threaded tiles are hardly noticeable. Because of this high precision in cutting the material, the machines are successfully used by design studios.
Particularly valued in job shops where decorative elements for interior or landscape design are produced. The design elements of such machines include a cutting tool, frame, transmission, motor, as well as equipment that is auxiliary.
Design of a stone cutting machine
Stone cutting machine frames are usually made of high-strength steel as well as cast iron. Such frames are excellent strong frame, well withstanding the weight of parts and assemblies. Stonecutters are equipped with motors that can be distinguished by power, although most operate between 220 and 380 V.
Machines also differ in the location of the engine. There are upper engine mounts and lower ones. Upper motors are characterized by a motor mounted on top of the rails, and lower motors, where the motor is attached to the frame itself. The advantage of top-mounted motors is that such machines are more precise and make a quality joint. Equipped with a downward facing motor, the machine is more compact and often more versatile, cutting almost any material.
What to cut stone with
Cutting stone can be divided into two steps: cutting a block in the quarry, and cutting the finished slabs in the workshop. As we wrote above, disc or wire saws are used for cutting stone.
Cutting with diamond wire
For cutting blocks of granite or marble of large dimensions, a diamond wire is needed. Cutting with this tool is characterized by high efficiency, and material consumption is minimal. The wire rope works almost noiselessly and poses no danger to the environment.
The appearance of the diamond wire
Cutting with a diamond wheel
When we have a slab of stone of the size we want and it needs to be given a certain shape, or cut into smaller pieces, diamond discs come into play. They are mainly used in grinders, so there is a large variety of diameters of discs for different models. In addition to natural stone, these discs are used for cutting ceramic tiles, bricks and concrete. There are 3 types of diamond discs: solid, segmented and turbo.
Jaoti diamond disc for granite
Polishing the stone
With the diamond rope we cut the required slab size from the granite block. Then we cut it into smaller pieces with a diamond disc. Now, whether we want to make a tile or a monument, we need to polish the stone.
Few people go behind the scenes of stone workshops, which is why people often think that granite or marble are naturally rich in color with a reflective surface. But that’s not true at all. It is the polishing of the stone that brings out its color and makes it mirror-smooth. Without polishing, black granite looks pale gray with a rough surface.
Diamond flexible grinding wheels “Jaoti
To polish stone the flexible diamond grinding wheels are mostly used. Depending on the polishing method, also knee-joint saw blades, abrasive tools, diamond profile milling cutters and many more are used. Other.
Advantages and disadvantages of hydro cutting machines
The strengths can be noted:
- Heavy walled workpieces can be processed with very precise cutting. That’s why hydro-cutting is used in high-pressure pipe laying.
- After cutting there is only a smooth edge. There will be no burrs, dings or burr on the lines.
- Long work with hydraulics does not end in a dust cloud. Material residues can be washed away with water.
- No need to keep the cutting attachment sharp, replace it or sharpen it.
- High speed of blasting of workpieces (including thick-walled).
- Not only metal can be cut with water, but also glass, rubber, plastic, and other multi-layer workpieces.
- Working speed slightly dependent on material thickness. It is possible to stack multiple parts in layers and cut them simultaneously.
- The cost of a machine for cutting metal pieces with water is more expensive than the cost of assembling analogues.
- Tapered. Can appear when processing refractory metal or thick-walled steel. When taper occurs, the end of the product does not come out flat, but resembles a funnel. This defect can be removed only with the help of an additional device.
- High power and water consumption.
Use of waterjet machines and working principle
Waterjet cutting devices are versatile in use, because their capabilities do not end at cutting metal products. The technology is based on a specially designed system for high-pressure water spraying of the machined surface.
An additional element of the fluid is the abrasive added to the water. As a rule, micro-particles of sand are used as an abrasive additive. Water and sand pass simultaneously into the mixer from separate containers, where they are mixed thoroughly. The mixture obtained is then fed into the nozzle of the machine at high pressure.
Then, the working water-abrasive cutter, in the form of a strong jet with certain characteristics, is fed to the workpiece and cuts it.
In this case, the speed of the waterjet cutting can only be compared with that of the plasma cutter, but the quality of the cut made with this method corresponds only to the quality of the laser cut.
The rapid development of modern technology has made it possible to improve machine tools by broadening their performance capabilities. This has greatly increased their range of use.
Today, water-abrasion machines make it possible:
- Cut out products of any geometric shape using numerical programming. In this case the processing is fully automated and does not require an operator. The machine is controlled by a specially installed computer program. Waterjet cutting of pipes makes it possible to make the necessary circumference without any errors;
- Making irregular cuts of any material, and the variable slope of the cut is not detrimental to the quality. The work process, which is performed at any inclination, allows you to get absolutely finished product at the output and not to subject it to finishing processing;
- Abrasive waterjet cutting has also found its application in the field of art. The equipment makes it possible to produce various decorations and design objects, as a rule, the processing of figures is done by CNC;
- Machines for the processing of hydro-abrasive, used in metal products, allow you to make the maximum thickness of any metal, it can be seen in the video. For example, machining a medium-carbon product can be done with a material that has a maximum thickness of 20 cm. The greatest thickness of titanium alloy is 16-18 mm; high-strength metals can be 11 mm thick. But a copper product is only 6 mm thick.
PLEASE READ: To give the tools the necessary properties, chisels, bits are heated to a high temperature of 700-1000 degrees Celsius and then cooled in water, oil, or air.Which environment cools faster?
in water will cool down the fastest, but the metal will become brittle.
in water the fastest, t.к. Water has a higher thermal conductivity than oil and air
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URGENT!! GIVING 60 BALLS!! For easier movement of cargo Victor uses inclined plane, which height is h=0.1m, and length is l=0.8
Cutting with diamond discs. 11 basic rules.
Diamond discs are used for cutting ceramic tiles, natural stone and especially porcelain tiles. The most common equipment on which they are used is: angle grinders, in the household “angle grinder”, table saws and various electric tile and stone cutting machines.
Depending on the tool used, cutting with diamond discs may be dry or water cooled. In all cases you must use the correct discs for the conditions. Though there is an opinion that it is allowed to use dry cutting discs on water cooled equipment and it is principally possible to increase their life span.
For safe use and a long service life of the discs, it is essential to know and follow the instructions for use of the diamond cutting tools:
- Check your diamond discs regularly for visible damage.
- If you find any signs of damage, deformation, a ruptured edge or other defects I would strongly advise against using such discs.
- If you find that the tool you are using is vibrating heavily (high side run-out) do not use it, have it repaired immediately.
- Observe the RPM specified on the discs; the cutting tool must be operated at maximum RPM.
- Diameter of discs should correspond to seating diameter of the tool, adapter rings can be used.
- Avoid warping and side to side friction with the discs.
- Always observe the direction of rotation of the disc and mount in accordance with the instructions on the disc.
- Try to protect diamond discs from mechanical damage (knocks) in every way possible.
- Cutting with diamond discs is performed without additional efforts, the weight of the cutting tool is enough. over, the speed of cutting depends on the density of the material being cut.
- If the diamond disc is blunt it must be resharpened by cutting through abrasive material (sand-lime bricks, sandstone, emery stone). Just don’t get carried away with it.
- Do not overheat the blade as this can lead to disc deterioration.
If you follow these basic rules, you can preserve and prolong the life of your cutting tool and consequently achieve a high quality of work.
If there is a need to cut tiles but you do not have a tool or a skill, I recommend to use our services: cutting tiles in Minsk.
Choice of disc (disk) for working with different kinds of tiles
There are different types of cutting wheels in terms of design:
Flattened discs are best suited for delicate ceramics, as they cut evenly through the material. These discs are the least likely to leave chips if used correctly.
Segmented discs are characterised by slits in the base. They are designed to increase the quality of cooling, which extends the life of the tool. segmented discs are much more prone to chipping due to their structure, but are ideal for sawing natural stone and porcelain tile.
When selecting a wheel, do not forget to pay attention to its compatibility with the angle grinder: the diameter of the wheel and the number of revolutions must match. Do not skimp on the cutting discs! Cheap tools wear out quicker, so they need to be replaced more often. It can also have a bad impact on the material, leaving splinters.
Stone discs
The most budgetary and unreliable option is stone disks. They wear out quickly, so for a large amount of work you would need a lot of them. Due to the thickness of the tooling, the width of the cut will be greater than when using metal discs. This also causes more dust particles to remain when cutting.
Always check the performance of a stone disc! If the cutting edge is visibly damaged (e.g., chipped) the cutting attachment must be replaced. Otherwise, working with the tool becomes unsafe: it can collapse, ruin the material, or harm the user.
Metal discs
Metal discs with diamond coating are used for professional applications. Durability and quality of the tooling depends on the intensity of dusting. Price and reliability of this kind of tooling is higher than of the stone tooling.
Ceramic cutting discs with angle grinder
For cutting ceramic tiles with an angle grinder stone or diamond-tipped steel discs (dry cutters) are used. Dry cutters, in turn, are divided into solid and segmented. The thicker the diamond coating on the dry cutter, the more efficient and durable the blade will be.
Discs can be made of stone or steel
Stone discs
Stone discs are many times cheaper than dry-cutting discs, but they tend to wear out during cutting and must be replaced. They are also thicker than dry-cutting bits, so the cutting line with a stone cutter is wider, so more dust is generated.
While cutting with a stone cutting head you need to control the condition of its cutting edge, because if there is a chip or a burr on the edge, the disc should be immediately replaced, because such damages are fraught with destruction of the head and can cause injury.
Dry Cutters
Dry cutter can cut ceramic tiles without water cooling, but duration of one continuous cut should not exceed 1-1,5 minutes, after which the disk is allowed to cool down at idle rotation. When buying a dry cutter, tools with a solid diamond coating are preferred.
Dry cutters for cutting stone
If during cutting there appears a solid spark-strip on the cutting edge of the dry cutter. the phenomenon of “biting” the metal, the temperature of tile cutting point in such situation sharply rises, that can lead to material damage. In this case a rotating dry cutter can make several cuts on any abrasive surface (concrete, plaster) and the disc comes back to work.
Segmented dry cutters
This type of nozzles on the angle grinder is a steel disk with evenly spaced slots directed from the cutting edge to the center and dividing the disk into equal segments. Segmented nozzle can cut tiles from porcelain tiles and natural stone. Slots between the disc segments are used to increase tool life by improving air cooling of the tool while cutting hard facing material, but increase chipping.
Solid dry cutters
With this type of dry cutter you can not only cut ceramic tiles, but also work on the side of the cut edge. No tool detonation during cutting, due to the solid shape of the disc, increases cutting speed, allows you to cut the material cleanly, and reduces the number of chips.
How diamond discs function
The diamond disc does not cut, but crushes the material. Diamonds on the face and edges crumble the surface to be cut. A metal grid keeps the crystals from falling out. Unprotected stones crack and break as they are worn away. There is a direct correlation between the hardness of the material to be machined and the wear time of the disc. The denser the workpiece, the quicker the tool must be replaced.
Image : Diamond cutting disc marking
The segments that are optimally matched to the material to be cut maintain a balance between the diamond’s cutting properties and its friction resistance. The crystal remains in place until it is completely shattered. A new diamond is then exposed.
Discs that are used to cut hard materials have a softer metal mesh. It crumbles faster, the diamonds change at an accelerated rate, so the segment continues to work as it wears away. Discs for soft abrasives have a reinforced grid that is resistant to abrasion. This is the reason why diamonds stick around for a longer period of time.
Varieties of diamond discs for individual jobs
In order to obtain optimum processing results diamond cutting discs of the right type for the specific material should be purchased. Let’s tell below about their main varieties and the jobs in which they are used.
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Segmental. Suitable for dry cutting of concrete, brick, natural stone at high speed. Used in most operations involving the treatment of hard surfaces. These discs include two subspecies.
- Segmented. They have enlarged gaps between the segments and have an unusual shape. Suitable for cutting asphalt and wet concrete.
- Turbo-segmented. Combine the advantages of cut-off and segmental products. Suitable for fast cutting with clean cutting edges.
- Water-assisted cutting. used only on stationary (not hand-held) tools;
- For dry cutting (also suitable for cool cutting). cuts cleanly into tiles and ceramics.
Photo : Cutting disc with full edge
Waterjet cutting of stone. Features and benefits
Water-abrasive method of cutting involves the use of an aqueous solution, which contains certain abrasives for cutting stone. This method involves feeding the mixture under high pressure. Almost no dust is generated when cutting, as it is mixed with water.
this cutting technology is based on the principle of erosion, the natural destruction of stone with water.
The advantages of using this type of cutting include:
- high cutting precision;
- The presence of a perfectly flat edge of the surface;
- the ability to perform artistic cutting of stones;
- complete absence of cracks or chips;
- no need to carry out thermal effects on the stone, which contributes to the reduction of its strength;
- In the process of cutting reduces the amount of waste material;
- the ability to cut stones of different thicknesses and fractions;
- complete explosion and fire safety when cutting;
- environmental safety;
- high quality cuts.
Among the disadvantages of this method of cutting are:
- low speed of work;
- the high cost of the work;
- the limited working resources of the tools that perform the cutting.
Characteristics and advantages of diamond cutting stone
One of the most common and highly effective methods of cutting stone is diamond cutting. It is used to make perfectly straight cuts. Diamond discs can easily cope with the toughest rocks, like granite.
The second method is more favorable, because the dust generated during cutting is washed away with a liquid substance, such as water. Thus, it does not settle in the air and is not harmful to humans.
The stone cutting disc performs the function of cutting the material. It has special areas that have a diamond coating on them. There are two types of diamond blades. the first involves applying a diamond coating only on the tooth surface, while the second involves applying a diamond coating to the entire surface.
Diamond cutting implies a gradual grinding of the stone, which prevents it from breaking or cracking.