Electric screwdriver battery where plus where minus

how to determine where the positive terminal is on the car and where is the negative one ?

Negative terminal ?? ? o_O Actually, the whole body of the machine and all large metal parts are connected with flexible copper cables. There is also a single-wire system. Everything that is not the case is all a plus. Only before the switches there is voltage on this plus, but after there is voltage or not, it already depends on the position of the switch. On. is and goes to the load. Disabled. no.

Call the tester. Which one and the minus is ringing on the body.

you can still use a light bulb, one end to the body, the other to the terminal, where a plus will light up there

a thick minus wire is connected to the engine and is about a little less than a meter long, that is, you can immediately find a minus.

Buy such a device and it will answer all your questions http://www.elizpribor.ru/products/16463.htm

positive is always more negative (well, if you don’t take rarities with on the body, but you hardly have one, right?) and with American cars it is a little more complicated, where the side terminals are threaded. there already either by color or by ringing.

On modern multimeters there is a catfish socket, this will be a minus power supply in the voltage measurement mode, in testers earlier this conclusion was indicated by an asterisk. Put the tester / multimeter in the voltage measurement mode at the desired limit and measure, the common one will be a minus when measuring, the other probe is a plus. Repair of various devices is not always carried out in a workshop, so quite often even a tester (multimeter) is not at hand. And you need, say, to determine the polarity of the battery, which has worn out the marking (for example, batteries with flexible leads used in communication technology). In such conditions, it is recommended to use the following methods. Warm water is poured into a glass and a tablespoon of table salt is dissolved in it. Then the ends of the wires connected to the battery terminals are lowered into the water. The wire connected to the negative terminal of the battery will generate intense gas bubbles (a). The raw potato tuber is cut into two parts and wires from the battery terminals, stripped of insulation, are stuck into one of the parts from the cut side at a distance of 15-20 mm from each other. Near the wire connected to the positive pole of the battery, the potatoes will turn green (b).

contact an electrician. pull the wires, if possible, to the battery, and there it is written (should be)

Connect the electronic tester to and. (will show the minus sign on the display. minus on the red probe, and if it does not show, it will be on it)

as there is no answer, Nord answered, a glass with a solution of salt, stick the wires

you take an ordinary car light bulb, an ordinary diode (with markings). he conducts in one direction to the other no, current.

a multimeter. and the color of the wires can be any. even the same

AVOMETER. Ampere-Volt-Ohm-meter. Tester in the post-people. For ordinary people. You connect the wiring. If the phone shows “charging”. wrap it with electrical tape. If there is no reaction, change the polarity. The charge voltage is 5 volts. Physically, nothing will burn in a minute.

You take a Chinese probe with an LED, with your left hand touch one of the electrodes, with your right hand, touch the probe to the other. Index finger on the end of the indicator screwdriver. The LED will light up only on If it does not light up, then it is on

With a multimeter, the icon lights up, you change the ends so that it goes out and looks at the black minus for the red plus. Another such option without a device, I take a 12 V light bulb, a charger for a minimum current. a light bulb in series (in a break in the wire or anything), connect to the battery, if the light is brightly lit, then it is not correct, if it is weak or does not light up at all, then it is correct. But in the case of incorrect actions, you can burn the charger.

As Neodymium wrote, a diode, preferably with a badge, so as not to guess

How to determine where the plus is where the minus is on the charger?

Color tester does not say anything. At least in Chinese products

indicator screwdriver with a 12V tester. Automotive is quite suitable 100r worth

Dip two wires into salt water. From which bubbles will go. that minus.

There is no device, take any speaker and a battery where you know exactly where the plus and where the minus is, along the diffuser and calculate the polarity

the battery terminals did not have marks about which of them is positive and which is negative.

Yes. Close the battery poles to a long conductor (resistance) and bring COMPASS to the conductor. A conductor with a current creates a magnetic field around itself. the compass needle will deflect in this field. In the direction of deviation of the compass needle, you can determine the direction of the current, and from there. and the polarity of connecting the battery poles.

COMPASS will react to a magnetic field that forms around a conductor that carries an electric current. Therefore, when the battery is disconnected from the consumer, the current does not flow. In order to determine the direction of movement of electrons (and hence the polarity of the current source), it is necessary to connect a consumer designed for the voltage of this battery (the consumer can be an ordinary incandescent lamp, for the operation of which the polarity of the power source is not required). Accordingly, in this case, it will be possible to determine where is plus and where is minus using a compass.

How to find out with the help of a multimeter where is plus and where is minus? How to find out where plus and where minus with a multimeter?

Black to minus red to plus if you measure the battery it will show 1.5 if you don’t guess it will show 1.5. Only on the multimeter you need to set the voltage measurement mode and the limit for which you are counting or more.

Red wire. Black (-) If black hit then it will show on the display.220V

connect with any asshole. if connected correctly, you will see a positive voltage (15 for example). if wrong then negative (-15 for example). there and look, at the multimeter the wires are red and black in polarity!

you measure the voltage on any battery and mark the probe if the same color.

With correct connection (straight polarity), only numbers will appear, with wrong. numbers with a minus sign.

The entire procedure for changing for the DT-830B multimeter is described below (if you don’t know this either). switch to the DC voltage measurement sector. “On this device, the sector is divided into 5 ranges. Measurements are taken from 0 to 500 volts. We will encounter a large DC voltage only when repairing a TV. This device must be operated with extreme caution at high voltages. When you turn it on to the “500” volt position, a warning lights up on the screen in the upper left corner, indicating that the uppermost measurement level is turned on and when large values ​​appear, you need to be extremely careful. Usually, if you do not know the magnitude of the measured voltage, the measurement is carried out by switching the higher positions of the range to lower ones. For example, before measuring the voltage on the battery of a cell phone or car, on which the maximum voltage of 3.7 or 12 volts is written, then we safely put the sector in the “20” volt position. If we set it to a lower value, for example, to “2000” millivolts, the device may fail. If we put it on high, the readings of the device will be less accurate. When you do not know the value of the measured voltage (of course, within the framework of household electrical equipment, where it does not exceed the values ​​of the device). then put on the upper position “500” volts and measure. In general, it is possible to measure roughly, with an accuracy of one volt, at the “500” volt position. If greater accuracy is required, switch to the down position only so that the measured voltage does not exceed the value at the switch position of the instrument. This device is convenient for measuring DC voltage in that it does not require mandatory polarity. If the polarity of the probes (“” red “-” black) does not coincide with the polarity of the measured voltage, then the sign “-” will appear on the left side of the screen, and the value will correspond to the measured one. (If you have another multimeter, then everything will probably be the same there)

Red Black…. OHLOMONS. ! And if the avatar sticks a red wire into the “Com” socket. Thinkers…. The packing sawdust remained in my head, but the processor packed in them dropped somewhere Correct answer: IF when measuring the voltage on the display there is a positive number, then the “minus” of the measured object is connected with a wire to the “Com” jack And if negative, then to the “Com” jack “Plus” is connected

YES…. A LIFE DOESN’T LIVE A FIELD TO GO ——— SUPER What if the Avatar sticks a black wire into the COM and the rest in a red one and puts it on a break? THERE WILL NOT BE AN EXPLOSION

How to charge my e-cigarette?

We have already found out that the charging method depends on the specific model of the Vape device. Modern battery mods and e-cigarettes with built-in rechargeable batteries can only be charged via the micro-USB connector. Examples of such devices are Ijust 3, Eleaf Ipower 80W, Tesla Nano 100W TC Steampunk.

Charging the batteries of electronic mods without a micro-USB connector (or if the connector is not intended for charging) is carried out only in an external charger. Devices of this type: Smoktech Koopor Mini 60W TC, Tesla Invader 3, SMOK GX2 / 4 KIT. When buying such devices for the first time, do not forget to purchase a charger for them from Efest or Nitecore.

The most important question concerns battery mods for two or more batteries that have a USB connector for charging. As mentioned above, it is possible to charge batteries inside such devices, but not safe, both for the devices themselves and for you.

Important! Before charging the device, study all the information about your device, which is in the instructions and on the official website of the manufacturer.

Usually, if the vape is equipped with a charging connector and has a power of 100 watts or higher, the manufacturer himself recommends charging the batteries separately, despite the built-in charging system. The clearest example of such a mod is the Wismec RX200. There are also exceptions to this rule, for example, the iStick TC 100W from Eleaf, which, due to the parallel connection of the batteries, can be charged via USB without any problems.

Important! Do not try to charge a disposable e-cigarette. As practice has shown, this can cause damage to your health and property! Disposable e-cigarette must be disposed of after use.!

Vape batteries where plus where minus

Battery polarity 18650 Li-ion batteries 18650, 14500, etc. They are very similar in appearance to a finger-type battery. The lithium-ion battery is still the same, only the protrusion (positive contact) is slightly wider in diameter than in the battery. Also around the positive contact of the battery, small holes are visible. Negative pole as flat as in a battery.

In general, if you see holes around the pole, it is 100% positive, plus,

In this case, an unprotected lithium-ion battery is considered. The bank of a protected battery looks exactly the same, only it will be longer in length by the thickness of the protection board.

In addition, like most batteries, lithium ions are indicated on the case, where the plus and minus.

A multimeter or tester (digital voltmeter) will also help determine the polarity. When measuring voltage, bringing the red probe to the positive contact, and the black one to the negative one, the voltage in the bank will appear on the screen. If the red probe is brought to the negative contact, the screen will display “-” (minus) in front of the voltage value.

Lithium-ion batteries of the size 18650 have almost surpassed conventional AA batteries in popularity. They power a wide variety of devices, from e-cigarettes to electric vehicles. They are more dangerous: if the lithium power supply is incorrectly installed in the device, it can explode. Therefore, you need to know where the plus and minus is in the 18650, in what ways you can find the poles.

By the appearance of the battery

The easiest way to determine the polarity of an 18650 is by examining the markings on the case. On the sticker you can see all the necessary information, including:

• battery standard size;
• the name of the manufacturer;
• capacity in mAh;
• Rated voltage.

On quality elements, the polarity must be indicated. “plus” at one end and “minus” at the other. If there is no suspicion of erroneous labeling, you can safely focus on these icons. However, unscrupulous companies may not apply polarity markings to their products. It is also possible to admit to the sale of defective products. batteries, on the cases of which the sticker is glued on the wrong side, due to which the pole signs change places.

If a power source was purchased from an unknown manufacturer, it is worth additionally inspecting its contact pads directly. Ideally, this should always be done to ensure maximum safety when using 18650 batteries.

As with salt or alkaline batteries, the contacts of lithium-ion batteries differ in shape: the negative terminal is flat, while the plus has a bulge. In addition, lithium batteries usually have multiple positive holes. They are needed to release the gas generated when the power source heats up. Thanks to this design, polarity can be determined not only by inspection, but also by touch.

Sometimes you can find similar batteries that differ from the standard linear dimensions. This is due to the fact that some power supplies are equipped with a protective microcircuit that controls the process of charging and discharging the cell. It is usually mounted on a positive contact pad. In this case, the shape of the pole does not change. it also has a slight bulge.

Charging batteries in a separate device

Most of the electronic boards installed in e-cigarette mods with a capacity of 150 watts or more are not able to cope with charging the batteries inside the device, as charging two or three 18650 batteries can overheat and burn the board. Therefore, even if there is a micro-USB connector in such an electronic mod, its batteries need to be charged in an external charger. Some manufacturers specifically include in the instructions a clause that says “The micro-USB connector is intended solely for software updates.”

External devices for recharging batteries, as a rule, work “from the outlet”, since they require more voltage to charge several 18650 batteries at once. Special electronics are installed in such charging stations, which completely control the process and make it as high quality as possible.

Some of the most well-known manufacturers of reliable and high-quality chargers are NItecore and Efest. The chargers produced by them meet all the necessary standards and do an excellent job with their work. Today, the most popular among them are:

The Efest LUC V4 charger is a universal station for powering rechargeable batteries of different standard sizes. You can install different types of batteries at the same time. The gadget is equipped with all kinds of protections to prevent unpleasant situations when charging the battery. The charger is compact, so it won’t take up much space in your bag or on your desktop.

• An external charger, equipped with the necessary electronics, recharges as correctly as possible, increasing the battery life.
• Externally rechargeable batteries have the same voltage for better performance.
• If you have more than one set of batteries for the device, you can charge the batteries “in reserve”.
• This charging method requires an outlet, which is not always convenient.
• The devices are relatively large and really inconvenient to carry with you.

Charging connector in center connector 510

This type of charging method is rapidly becoming obsolete, it has been extremely common and has been used quite successfully. The 510 connector charges eGo format electronic cigarettes. Examples of such devices are: Kanger Evod 650 mAh, Joyetech eCom-C Twist.

The only advantage of such a charging system is the absence of additional holes and joints on the power supply housing and its compact size.

• The first drawback is the need to disassemble the device with each charge.
• Another disadvantage is the mandatory presence of a special charger.
• And the last drawback is the inability to use the device while charging.

Micro-USB connector

Most modern e-cigarette power supplies are charged via the micro-USB connector. The convenience and versatility of this scheme is so great that it is used on both pen-style cigarettes and box mods. USB connector for charging is installed in devices such as: Eleaf iJust 3, Ehpro Evok 80, Kanger Kbox 200W.

• Versatility and availability. Almost everyone has a micro-USB cable.
• No need to disassemble the device to charge it.
• A number of devices with a micro-USB connector have a vaping function while charging.

The objective minus of charging via USB is that not all devices powered by more than one 18650 battery cannot be adequately recharged in this way.

Consequences of improper use of the battery

To fully understand how important it is to be able to determine where the minus and plus of an 18650 battery is, you need to understand what happens if you reverse the polarity. The main consequence of the error is a short circuit, in which a circuit is formed, consisting only of a power source, an electric current begins to move inside it, which does not go anywhere. Then the following happens:

• The battery starts to heat up. The heating rate depends on many factors, primarily on the cell voltage. Because of this, the process becomes more rapid and destructive than in the case of salt batteries.
• Electrolyte pressure rises.
• A valve on the positive side releases excess pressure. At the same time, a red-hot electrolyte begins to flow.
• In air, the reaction rate increases. The destruction of the product body begins.
• Lithium may ignite.

If it is incorrect to determine where the plus is for an 18650 battery manufactured in violation of the technology, the consequences can be even more serious. The safety valve may not work. in this case, pressure inside the housing will build up, causing an explosion. Not very powerful, but the hot acid splashed out will cause chemical and thermal burns if it comes into contact with the skin, and can also cause a fire. Burns can be very bad if the electrolyte continues to boil in air.

It is important to take into account that the battery does not explode immediately, so you should not panic. While it has not warmed up, you can safely remove it from the device, then you need to let the product cool down, and then dispose of it. If the power supply is already hot or electrolyte has leaked out, do not try to disconnect it, this will result in burns. The best option is to step back and wait until the battery stops boiling.

Thus, determining where the plus and minus is in the 18650 is quite simple. It is important to check the polarity before each installation in any device in order to avoid dangerous consequences.

To minimize the risk of damage to the product, you should use a high-quality and modern charger equipped with a control chip to charge it. It will not only protect the battery from dangerous overvoltage, but also will not supply current to the cell with reversed polarity.

Repairing a dead 18 volt NI-MH DeWalt Battery Pack. 763

In this article, we will analyze all the questions regarding how to properly charge an electronic cigarette. Without charging, your vape device will work offline for a maximum of a day with regular use. But the batteries in the e-cigarette are somewhat different from the power sources of other devices. What is the difference? Let’s figure it out.

Polarity determination methods

Since externally, 18650 batteries are very similar to AA cells and the like, you can determine the polarity of the power source in the same way as in the case of a finger-type battery. There are two main ways to find the plus and minus: by external inspection of the element or using any instrument that can measure the voltage at the poles.

Polarity determination methods

Since externally, 18650 batteries are very similar to AA cells and the like, you can determine the polarity of the power source in the same way as in the case of a finger-type battery. There are two main ways to find the plus and minus: by external inspection of the element or using any instrument that can measure the voltage at the poles.

By the appearance of the battery

The easiest way to determine the polarity of an 18650 is by examining the markings on the case. On the sticker you can see all the necessary information, including:

• battery standard size;
• the name of the manufacturer;
• capacity in mAh;
• Rated voltage.

On quality elements, the polarity must be indicated. “plus” at one end and “minus” at the other. If there is no suspicion of erroneous labeling, you can safely focus on these icons. However, unscrupulous companies may not apply polarity markings to their products. It is also possible to admit to the sale of defective products. batteries, on the cases of which the sticker is glued on the wrong side, due to which the pole signs change places.

If a power source was purchased from an unknown manufacturer, it is worth additionally inspecting its contact pads directly. Ideally, this should always be done to ensure maximum safety when using 18650 batteries.

EASY FIX FOR A DEAD ‘NOT CHARGING’ LITHIUM 18650 BATTERY FROM A CORDLESS TOOL BATTERY PACK. PART 2

As with salt or alkaline batteries, the contacts of lithium-ion batteries differ in shape: the negative terminal is flat, while the plus has a bulge. In addition, lithium batteries usually have multiple positive holes. They are needed to release the gas generated when the power source heats up. Thanks to this design, polarity can be determined not only by inspection, but also by touch.

Sometimes you can find similar batteries that differ from the standard linear dimensions. This is due to the fact that some power supplies are equipped with a protective microcircuit that controls the process of charging and discharging the cell. It is usually mounted on a positive contact pad. In this case, the shape of the pole does not change. it also has a slight bulge.

Where is the battery plus and minus

Car batteries are characterized by polarity. And when choosing a new battery, it is very important to correctly determine the correct polarity. Otherwise, you may have problems installing it. In this article we will talk about how to determine the polarity of a car battery.

The most common pinout layouts are forward and reverse polarity. There are also very exotic options for the location of current-carrying elements, but they did not take root in the Russian market. An error in the choice of polarity will not allow the battery to be used for its intended purpose. the current-receiving pole wires, most likely, simply will not reach the corresponding terminals. Therefore, before buying a new battery, it is better to check what polarity your current battery has. So you can quickly navigate and avoid mistakes.

Therefore, it is easiest to determine and remember the type of polarity of the battery in your car just once. This is very easy to do. On batteries with a capacity of up to 110 Ah, the current leads are located along the long side. Place the battery with this side facing you. On the terminals, or near them, there should be symbols “” and “-“, denoting the corresponding poles. If the positive terminal turned out to be on the right (usually it is slightly thicker than the negative terminal), then this is a battery of reverse polarity. And if the “plus” is on the left, then in front of you is a battery with straight polarity.

Forward and Reverse Polarity of Car Battery

Rechargeable batteries with direct polarity are installed on domestic passenger cars (as well as on most cars of foreign brands, which are assembled on the territory of Russia). Reverse polarity batteries are installed on foreign cars assembled in other countries.

Real photo of passenger car batteries with direct and reverse polarity

Determination of the polarity of batteries for trucks occurs in a similar way. We turn the battery with the side with the current leads away from ourselves (on cargo batteries, this is the short side) and look where the plus and where the minus are. If the positive terminal is on the right, then this is the so-called reverse or European polarity. If the positive terminal is on the left, then this is direct or Russian polarity.

Left. European or reverse polarity, right. Russian or forward polarity

If you examined your battery, but you were unable to determine where you have “Plus” and “Minus”, then you can pay attention to the thickness of the current-carrying terminals. On most batteries used in Europe and Russia, the thickness of the current-carrying cells is set by a single standard. on the positive terminal it is 19.5 mm, and on the negative terminal. 17.9 mm. The difference between them is noticeable to the naked eye, the positive terminal is noticeably thicker. But, there are also batteries with thin terminals. They have a positive terminal thickness of 12.7 mm, and a negative terminal. 11.1 mm.

Using a measuring tool

When using high-quality batteries from trusted manufacturers, you rarely have to doubt the correctness of the labeling. However, you can be absolutely sure of the safety of using a galvanic cell only after checking it with a measuring tool.

Although there are several battery tester available, a conventional multimeter is the most convenient to use. To identify the poles of an 18650 with it, you need to follow these steps:

• Connect the red and black wires to the connectors on the device.
• Set the handle of the multimeter to the low voltage measurement mode.
• Attach the test leads to the ends of the battery. Since the poles are unknown, it makes no difference which probe to which contact is applied. In the event of an error, there will be no harm to either the battery or the instrument.
• Look at the indicator. If there are positive readings on it, then the poles are determined correctly (in this case, the red probe will point to “plus”, and the black one. to “minus”). Otherwise, the voltage will be negative.

The multimeter will be useful for other tasks as well. First of all, you should pay attention to the readings when measuring voltage: a properly functioning battery should show 4.2 V in a charged state and 3.7 V in a discharged state.

If the voltage drops below, the battery should be charged urgently to avoid depleting its capacity.

Consequences of improper use of the battery

To fully understand how important it is to be able to determine where the minus and plus of an 18650 battery is, you need to understand what happens if you reverse the polarity. The main consequence of the error is a short circuit, in which a circuit is formed, consisting only of a power source, an electric current begins to move inside it, which does not go anywhere. Then the following happens:

• The battery starts to heat up. The heating rate depends on many factors, primarily on the cell voltage. Because of this, the process becomes more rapid and destructive than in the case of salt batteries.
• Electrolyte pressure rises.
• A valve on the positive side releases excess pressure. At the same time, a red-hot electrolyte begins to flow.
• In air, the reaction rate increases. The destruction of the product body begins.
• Lithium may ignite.

If it is incorrect to determine where the plus is for an 18650 battery manufactured in violation of the technology, the consequences can be even more serious. The safety valve may not work. in this case, pressure inside the housing will build up, causing an explosion. Not very powerful, but the hot acid splashed out will cause chemical and thermal burns if it comes into contact with the skin, and can also cause a fire. Burns can be very bad if the electrolyte continues to boil in air.

It is important to take into account that the battery does not explode immediately, so you should not panic. While it has not warmed up, you can safely remove it from the device, then you need to let the product cool down, and then dispose of it. If the power supply is already hot or electrolyte has leaked out, do not try to disconnect it, this will result in burns. The best option is to step back and wait until the battery stops boiling.

Thus, determining where the plus and minus is in the 18650 is quite simple. It is important to check the polarity before each installation in any device in order to avoid dangerous consequences.

To minimize the risk of damage to the product, you should use a high-quality and modern charger equipped with a control chip to charge it. It will not only protect the battery from dangerous overvoltage, but also will not supply current to the cell with reversed polarity.

Battery polarity 18650 Li-ion batteries 18650, 14500, etc. They are very similar in appearance to a finger-type battery. The lithium-ion battery is still the same, only the protrusion (positive contact) is slightly wider in diameter than in the battery. Also around the positive contact of the battery, small holes are visible. Negative pole as flat as in a battery.

In general, if you see holes around the pole, it is 100% positive, plus,

In this case, an unprotected lithium-ion battery is considered. The bank of a protected battery looks exactly the same, only it will be longer in length by the thickness of the protection board.

In addition, like most batteries, lithium ions are indicated on the case, where the plus and minus.

A multimeter or tester (digital voltmeter) will also help determine the polarity. When measuring voltage, bringing the red probe to the positive contact, and the black one to the negative one, the voltage in the bank will appear on the screen. If the red probe is brought to the negative contact, the screen will display “-” (minus) in front of the voltage value.

How to tell if your car battery is dead?

There are both simple methods to check the condition of the battery, and methods of accurate diagnostics.

How to prepare the battery for charging?

• Remove the battery from the car. If there is very little time, you can simply disconnect it from the on-board network.
• To ensure good contact, the terminals must be cleaned.
• It is recommended to clean the surface of the battery with a clean dry cloth or moisten it with a 10% solution of ammonia.

If the battery is serviceable, you need to perform a few more steps:

• Be sure to unscrew the caps on the cans or open the cap. This will allow vapors to escape without inflating the battery.
• If any of the jars lacks electrolyte, you need to add distilled water to it. Make sure it completely covers the plates.

Constant current charging

Formula for calculating the current value: 0.1 x C20. You need to take 1/10 of the nominal capacity of the battery with a charging time of 20 hours. To regulate the current in this mode, you need a device for adjusting.

If you choose to charge with a constant current, you will need to adjust the electricity every few hours. At the end of the process, the battery will give off a significant amount of gas. As the voltage rises, the current must be reduced. When the voltage reaches 14.4 V, you need to reduce the electricity to 0.05 of the battery capacity. After reaching a value of 15 V, you need to supply electricity at 0.025 of its battery capacity.

The battery is considered to be in a charged state when the current and voltage readings remain unchanged for 2 hours. Modern batteries (maintenance-free) deliver about 16.4 volts.

Safety regulations

During battery charging, a dangerous chemical process occurs. hydrogen and oxygen are released. Mixing, they form an explosive substance. To ensure safe charging, the following rules must be followed:

• The room in which the battery is charged must be well ventilated.
• Do not charge the battery near an open flame or use equipment that can generate sparks.
• If it is not possible to remove the battery from the car, you need to disconnect the negative wire.

Car battery charging process

If it becomes clear that you need to charge the battery, follow these steps:

How to charge a serviced battery?

A serviced battery is one in which you can unscrew the plugs, gaining access to the electrolyte plates. Before charging such a battery, you need to unscrew the plugs on the cans so that gas does not accumulate inside. When connecting the charger, the device is first connected to the battery, and only then to the network. This will eliminate the likelihood of a spark.

How to properly charge a fully discharged car battery?

Proper charging of a fully discharged battery takes place using special chargers capable of operating in desulfation mode. They will be able to eliminate the consequences of sulfation. a chemical reaction of lead plates, leading to their destruction. You can also carry out a series of charges of small magnitude, which are called “training”. After the completion of desulfation, it is necessary to determine the state of the battery, understand how much current is required to charge it, and charge it using a charger.

What power will the power supply need?

People who decide to find out how to make an electric screwdriver from the network will have to deal with the required power of the power supply.

Transformer

Since the operating voltage of most screwdrivers is 12V, choosing a transformer power supply is easy enough. You can power an electric tool using any model with a power of about 200-300 W.

How to remake a cordless electric screwdriver so that it works from the network: instructions, pros and cons, operating rules

The cordless electric screwdriver is an indispensable tool that is often used on the farm. There are situations when the battery of the device fails. In this case, it is not necessary to buy a new battery. You can modify the tool to work on the network. However, before that, you need to figure out how to make an electric screwdriver directly from charging.

Required materials and tools

Before converting an electric cordless screwdriver into a network one, you must familiarize yourself with the list of necessary tools and materials. To complete the work you will need:

• screwdrivers;
• pliers;
• Soldering Station;
• multimeter;
• knife;
• insulating tape;
• multimeter.

You will also need a cord to connect the device to the network. It is recommended to use cables with a large cross-section.

How to convert an electric screwdriver for mains operation

It is necessary to figure out in advance how to convert a 12 volt electric screwdriver to work from a 220 network. There are several recommendations that will help you do this correctly.

Black and Decker KC9072 Screwdriver Battery Replacement

Connecting to the car battery

Another way to quickly power the tool is to use the vehicle’s battery. This is done as follows:

• Take three wires from the cigarette lighter and strip them from insulation by 3-4 cm.
• Connect wires. They connect to the battery terminals and to the screwdriver.
• Tighten the joints with clamps or insulate with electrical tape. It is necessary to wrap them in such a way as to hide all metal parts.

After that, you need to check if the tool works.

How to power an electric screwdriver while maintaining its autonomy

There are situations when you have to work outdoors or indoors without electricity. In such situations, you need to power the electric screwdriver yourself to make it work. There are several ways to do this.

Battery voltage and capacity

Let’s briefly analyze the widespread opinion. “when two batteries (accumulators) are connected in series, their capacity does not change, it remains the same as that of one battery, so the battery life with such a connection will be less”.

But what about the law of conservation of energy? Yes, when connecting batteries in series, formally, the capacity is considered as that of one battery, and the voltage doubles (or triples, quadruples, etc., depending on the number of batteries connected in series). With a parallel connection of the battery, the capacity doubles (triples, etc.), and the voltage remains the same.

Battery connection options

There is no contradiction here. When people talk about a battery (usually a car battery), they report its capacity, but do not specify the voltage. It’s just that everyone is used to the fact that batteries have a voltage of 12V, and it is implied that it is stupid to mention this. But in general, the capacity without indicating the voltage has no physical meaning. There are batteries of very different capacities and for different voltages. 2V, and 6V, and 12V, and, rarely, 24V. In addition, any identical batteries can be connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel at the same time.

But one has only to indicate after the value of the capacity its voltage, how everything falls into place. After all, the energy intensity in any case, no matter how we connect the batteries, will remain the same.

So, if, for example, two 200Ah 12V batteries (for example, Delta GEL 12-200 Battery) are connected in series, you get an energy capacity of 200Ah 24V. And if the same two batteries are connected in parallel, then it will turn out. 400Ah 12V. Let’s check: 200Ah 24V = 480Ah V = 400Ah 12V

But for calculating currents (usually, the nominal charge current is considered to be a current of 0.1C, where C is a value equal to the capacity of the battery), C is taken exactly by the number on the left, i.e. in our example, with a serial connection, C = 200, and with a parallel connection, C = 400. It is easy to see that the power of the charger in both cases will be the same.

For the first case, the charging current will be 0.1200 = 20A, but at a voltage of 24V. Those. charging power, P = 20A 24V = 480W

For the second case, the charging current will be 0.1400 = 40A, but at a voltage of 12V. Those. charging power, P = 40A 12V = 480W

If we consider single batteries, then, for example, one 600Ah 2V battery (see the FAAM Batteries section) corresponds in its energy capacity to one 100Ah 12V battery (for example, DELTA GEL 12-100 Battery).

To get a large storage battery from these batteries (600Ah 2V), for example, 24V, you need to connect 12 pieces of such batteries in series using jumpers (Jumper for 250 mm batteries). The total final capacity will be 600Ah 24V. This energy capacity, if we compare it with 12-volt batteries of 200 Ah each (and these are used in trucks), corresponds to 6 pieces (three battery chains connected in parallel, where each chain consists of two batteries connected in series):

(600Ah2V) 12 = 600Ah24V = (200Ah24V) (200Ah 24V) (200Ah 24V)

Pay attention. in all the figures it is specially shown that if the minus of the inverter is connected to the conditionally first battery, then the plus is to the last one. So it should be connected in order to compensate for the resistance of even thick copper wires connecting the batteries. Otherwise, because of their resistance, at huge currents, the battery “farthest” from the inverter terminals will not be “recharged” or “re-discharged”.

So, the capacity (read “energy capacity”) of the battery (combined group of batteries) is the amount of electricity (ie power equal to the current multiplied by VOLTAGE) that the battery gives off when discharging to the lowest allowable voltage.

In order for the battery to serve for a long time, it must not be discharged more than 80%. For a 12-volt battery, this corresponds to a voltage at its terminals of approximately 11.5V. But here it is important with what current relative to the capacity of the battery we discharge it.

The higher the discharge current, the lower the voltage to which the battery can be discharged. This is because during a rapid discharge with large currents of a relatively small battery capacity, the electrolyte does not have time to mix, and the discharged layer accumulates around the plates. The battery voltage drops and the load is removed. However, after a few tens of minutes, the electrolyte is mixed and the capacity (and, accordingly, the battery voltage) rises.

If you discharge with a small current relative to the capacity, then you can draw out all the energy, which is bad for the longevity of the battery. Always leave at least 20% of the capacity. on this further.

Note that during charging, the charger gradually increases the voltage on the battery, and then, after removing the charge, the voltage decreases, returning to a quiet state (for example, on a 12-volt battery, depending on the type of battery, it usually rises to 14. 1. 14.5 V, and after removing the charge, even without load, within half an hour it returns to 12.5. 12.8 V).

Electric screwdriver battery repair work

So, during the checks, non-working batteries were identified. What to do in this case? There are two ways out. an attempt to “reanimate” the elements or a simple replacement of non-working “cans”.

The design of the battery of an electric screwdriver and the types of “cans

Regardless of the country of manufacture of the electric screwdriver, all batteries have the same structure. Inside the accumulator there are rows of batteries connected in series. batteries or “cans”. The resulting battery voltage is created by summing the voltage of each battery. “Banks” have the same parameters. size and voltage. Batteries differ only in power.

The battery of an electric screwdriver itself has four contacts:

• two power contacts are used for charging and discharging batteries;
• the third contact (control) is connected to a temperature sensor built into the battery. It serves to protect the charger from overheating;
• the fourth contact (service) equalizes the charges in all batteries.

Electric screwdriver batteries are composed of the following types of storage cells, which have their own advantages and disadvantages.

Ni-Cd. nickel-cadmium batteries, voltage. 1.2 V.

• low cost;
• prevalence;
• are not afraid of low temperatures;
• can be stored discharged.
• the manufacture of these batteries is considered harmful, so they are manufactured in “third” countries;
• have a “memory effect”;
• self-discharge;
• have a small capacity;
• have a small number of cycles (charge / discharge). do not “live” long with constant use.

Ni-MH. nickel-metal hydride batteries, voltage. 1.2 V;

• are made in an environmentally friendly production, high quality branded products;
• has a low “memory effect”;
• low self-discharge ability;
• have a large capacity and a large number of cycles.
• high price;
• during long-term storage in a discharged state, some of the characteristics are lost;
• do not function for a long time at low temperatures.

Li-Ion. lithium-ion batteries, voltage. 3.7 V.

• there is no “memory effect”;
• there is no self-discharge;
• have a high capacity;
• there are a large number of charge-discharge cycles;
• a small number of batteries are required to generate enough voltage in the battery, which reduces the weight and size of the battery.
• very high price (almost 3 times more than other types of batteries);
• after 3 years capacity is lost due to decomposition of lithium.

At its core, a battery is a constant current source. By converting a chemical reaction into electrical energy, it can release stored electricity into a circuit. When charging, the current flows in the opposite direction, thereby charging the drive.

The main parameter of any battery is the capacity of the stored energy. It indicates how much current the unit can deliver during an hour and is measured in A / h.

Any battery operates on the principle of electrolysis. This means that its design includes two mandatory elements. the anode and the cathode, which are in the electrolyte. As a result of a chemical reaction, an electric charge is created at the poles. The battery voltage is determined by the potential difference across the poles.

“Reanimation” of storage elements

Immediately it is worth making a reservation, trying to “reanimate” ionic batteries is useless. This type of battery cannot have a memory effect, and therefore, the reason for their failure lies in the decomposition of lithium. But first, it’s worth finding out. perhaps the control scheme is wrong. Two methods can be used here.

• The control scheme should be changed. If the batteries are working, then the circuit itself needs to be repaired.
• The battery is supplied with a regulated charger at 4 V with a current of approximately 200 mA. An increase in the voltage on the “bank” to 3.6 V indicates the health of the element and, therefore, either the control circuit or another battery is to blame for the malfunction.

To “reanimate” the battery of an electric screwdriver battery, two methods are used:

• Restoring the performance of “cans” by compression or compaction.
• Supply of high voltage and current to the storage element. In this case, it will be possible, although not completely to eliminate the lost capacity and get rid of the “memory effect”.

However, these methods cannot completely solve the problem of battery failure. They will only delay the inevitable. Sooner or later, you will have to change banks anyway.

Checking the battery of an electric screwdriver

To determine the real basic parameters of the battery, a check is carried out.

When carrying out actions aimed at checking battery cells, one should not forget about the influence of such a factor as the “memory effect”. The phenomenon itself is that, due to frequent charging of the storage device, the battery cells can change their capacity. This is due to the charges remaining from the previous charge. Nickel-cadmium “banks” are more susceptible to this phenomenon than other batteries.

The battery of an electric screwdriver is checked when it is fully charged. Full verification takes place in several stages.

Checking the storage batteries

So, let it turn out that with the help of preliminary checks, the presence of faulty elements in the drive was established. Then it is necessary to disassemble the battery and remove the batteries connected in series. “banks”. As mentioned above, the battery consists of 10-12 such cells with a voltage of 1.2 V.

First, a visual inspection of the joints of the elements is carried out for violations. They can degrade the overall battery performance.

After inspection, you should measure the voltage of each of the “cans”. The voltage of one cell should not be less than 1.2 V. During measurements, the battery cells should be disconnected from the connections with all kinds of sensors. The measuring device is connected to the battery poles. “Banks” with reduced voltage must be replaced. If a simple measurement did not reveal faulty elements, you should try on the “banks” under load.

Replacing “cans” in the battery of an electric screwdriver

The task itself is simple. It is good if you have experience in soldering. In the connection of the elements, the faulty battery is cut off, a good one is put in its place, then soldering is performed. As you can see, nothing complicated.

However, in this case, several important nuances should be taken into account:

• you need to solder quickly so that the “banks” do not heat up. this may affect their performance;
• to connect the elements, it is better to use native plates, or copper, but of the same dimensions;
• when attaching a new element to an old one, do not confuse plus and minus. When connected in series, the minus from the previous battery goes to the plus of the new battery.

After soldering, you should carry out a charge-discharge cycle, and then measure the voltage on the “banks”. It should be around 1.3V.

Checking by resistance value

The normal functioning of each battery can be verified by comparing the internal resistance of the “banks”. The value is determined by dividing the operating parameters voltage by current and deducting the load resistance.

The operating voltage is measured necessarily under load. As a load, you should take a resistor with a resistance of 10 ohms and a power of 25 watts. Each battery is tested. Measure the working amperage and voltage.

For a better understanding, here are some approximate calculations. Let’s say, during the measurement under load, data were obtained for one “can”: operating voltage. 1.19 V and operating current. 112 mA. Before making the calculation, do not forget to convert the current value from mA to A. 0.112 A. We perform the appropriate actions (1.19 / 0.112). 10 = 0.63 Ohm. Recall that the subtracted in our expression is the load resistance of the resistor (10 Ohm).

Checking other parameters

Each type of battery has a certain self-discharge rate.

• Nickel-cadmium battery can be discharged by 20%;
• nickel metal hydride. 30%;
• lithium-ion storage. up to 8%.

Self-discharge is monitored by measuring the voltage every day for a month.

Checking the power supply elements for the presence of the “memory effect” is carried out by fully charging the battery and completely discharging it. Several charge-discharge cycles (3 or 4) are performed. The battery can be discharged using a 12V lamp. During the operation, the residual operating voltage and the open circuit voltage are measured. After repeated cycles, the “memory effect” will disappear.

Where is the plus on the battery for Vape?

In general, if you see holes around the pole. it is 100% positive, plus, In this case, a lithium-ion battery is considered without protection. The bank of a protected battery looks exactly the same, only it will be longer in length by the thickness of the protection board.

How to properly connect the wires to the battery?

It is necessary to connect the terminals in the following sequence: connect the “” of the donor battery to the “” of the discharged battery, and connect the “-” of the donor directly to the engine of the “needy” car. Remember!

How to find out where the plus and where the minus is on the battery in the phone?

Plus and minus are marked on the battery case. Usually these are the two extreme contacts. Next, you need to define. where the plus and minus are for charging. If there are no devices at all, then you need to pour water into a glass and lower the wires there.

What current to charge the battery 18 650?

General requirements for charging for 18650 batteries. Charging for 18650 lithium batteries must provide an output of 5 V and a current from 0.5 to 1 of the nominal capacity of the battery. That is, a lithium cell with a capacity of 2600 mAh must be charged with a current of 1.3-2.6 amperes.

Which wire to connect to the battery first?

Safely connecting a new battery

That is, you first need to connect the positive wire (red), securely fastening it to the terminal, and then the negative (black).