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How to build a house yourself. General points
Reasonable planning of the construction budget begins at the stage of choosing the project of the future building
Reasonable planning of the construction budget begins at the stage of choosing the project of the future structure. Building a house of complex configuration in terms of, with many architectural details and abstruse planning will cost much more. Choosing an expensive complex project, do not think that you will be able to cope on your own.
It is much simpler and cheaper to build a house with your own hands, which has a simple layout, a simple roof. But at the same time, you should not allow yourself extra square meters, which will become a penny during the operation of the house. It is important to accurately determine the necessary area that will satisfy the needs of the family, but at the same time, the project should not have architectural excesses in the form of a complex multi-pitched roof, columns, bay windows and arches.
Tip: to get enough space and save on materials and construction work, you can, if you choose the option of a house with a residential attic floor.
If you make the walls of lightweight wall materials, then you can significantly save on the arrangement of the foundation by choosing a lightweight or shallow-buried option. When choosing a columnar or pile foundation, you can save not only on materials, but also on the volume of earthwork.
However, when building a house yourself, do not save on the following things:
- Cement. To make the building strong and durable, use only high-quality cement.
- The depth of the foundation. It is better to carry out a preliminary calculation taking into account the geological features of the terrain, groundwater level, climatic conditions and the weight of the structure. A house made on a weak foundation is subject to deformation due to shrinkage, the effects of frost heaving, etc.
- Quality wall materials. They should not only be durable, but also guarantee a sufficient degree of thermal insulation of the house so that in the future you do not have to spend money on heating.
I want to build a house where to start. I want my home: where to start
This question should be asked to any person who has decided to live "on the ground" and decided to start building a house. over, the concept of "home" is different for everyone. Someone dreams of a big mansion, someone wants to build a cottage "not like everyone else", in the style of hi-tech. Still others solve the eternal housing problem for Russia. Well, someone would like to escape from the city and just take a break from the frantic rhythm of the megalopolis in nature, "at the cottage."
As you can see, there is only one question, but the goals, as well as construction costs, are completely different. Therefore: without forming the image of your house in your head, even in the form of a dream, you cannot go to more mundane things. designing and calculating estimates for its construction.
And at this stage, many will be disappointed when it turns out that it is impossible to build a cottage according to an attractive project. The reason is simple. there is no money for it. Exit. reduce Wishlist and go down from heaven to earth.
The first thing a beginner needs is knowledge. Without them, any idea is doomed to failure. You have to be a "jack of all trades", otherwise the "mercenaries" will do such a thing that the alterations will result in a pretty penny, deep knowledge.
It is naive to believe that having "sat" on FORUMHOUSE for about a month and having read a dozen or two topics about construction, you will become an experienced foreman. No, there is enough knowledge to independently build a cabins using frame technology, but building a house is a more responsible and time-consuming process.
To the knowledge (about the properties of building materials, technologies, pluses and minuses of a particular construction technique), we add planning as the most important component of reasonable savings.
At this stage, it is necessary to get rid of a common misconception and sometimes a fatal error. thoughts about the benefits of acquiring a finished house or unfinished building. After all, it is never known how the structure was actually erected, and what technologies were violated.
Dmitry Galalyuda (nickname on the forum. Gaser) Consultant of the "Ventilation" section at FORUMHOUSE
In my opinion, it is impossible to purchase a house built without you, which is 100% consistent with your desires and needs. I say this from personal experience, at one time I looked at 30 houses live. It is always a compromise. Or does not suit the exterior, or the interior, or all together. You can not be sure of the quality of such a cottage. After I built my house, I will say that I will never buy a cottage built without my control and, especially, a house that was specially built for sale.
Slightly moving away from the main topic, let’s say that houses that are specially built for sale are a time bomb. In most cases, the goal of such construction is maximum profit. This means total savings on high-quality building materials and construction in violation of the entire technology. The erection of a frame made of raw wood, pouring the foundation, laying blocks for mortar in rain, frost, etc. Attracting the cheapest and unskilled labor. The list goes on and on. Although outwardly such houses may look good, the jambs will already come out after the first heating season and the beginning of spring.
Video: How to Build a House Yourself How to Cut Slate
As a result: the owners of the "cottages" are already forced to the next year (if the house was bought in the summer) to engage in expensive alterations "from the foundation to the roof", realizing that it is necessary to build either independently, or personally controlling all stages.
Questions arise, and how to build a house, where to start, how to save money, and how not to make fatal mistakes.
How to build a house yourself, how to cut slate. A bit about asbestophobia
So, let’s start from the beginning. The most common slate, which has been roofing houses for several decades, consists of the following components:
In addition, some experts believe that only dust from amphibole asbestos, which is mined in Africa and is not used in domestic flat slate, is carcinogenic (only chrysotype asbestos is used here).
For example, amphibole asbestos was banned several years ago in such large countries as Germany and the United States. Billions were spent looking for artificial substitutes and the struggle for markets for new materials has become particularly fierce.
Chrysotile asbestos is another type of roofing slate. Strong and refractory material is produced and used to this day, with 50% of it being exported to other countries. The price for it is low, and therefore it is difficult to talk about competition. Why are the reports of world media about the unexpected carcinogenicity of all materials containing not only amphibole asbestos, but also chrysotile asbestos, most Russian scientists perceive critically. as a regular competitive attack on the international market. Although it is worth noting that the issue of banning the use of this raw material is now raised quite high.
The whole problem is that asbestos fibers tend to irritate lung tissue. and constantly, because of which the body first produces benign tumors in such places, and these can degenerate over time. On the other hand, glass and cement can cause the same problems. Those. almost every person can have micro-tumors in the lungs, but they can degenerate into malignant ones only in people predisposed to cancer. Therefore, be that as it may, the airways must be closed to all participants in the process.
How to build a house yourself isospan in insulated pitched roofs. Insulated pitched roofs. Installation of hydro-wind protection and vapor barrier
1. roofing
2. hydro-windproof membrane Isospan AQ proff,
AQ 150 proff, AS 130, AS, AM
3. counterrail
4. insulation
5. vapor barrier Izospan RS, B, B fix
6. rafter
7. interior decoration
8. crate
9. Self Adhesive Sealing Tape
It is recommended to use Izospan AQ proff, Izospan AQ 150 proff, Izospan AS 130, Izospan AS or Izospan AM three-layer hydro-windproof membranes in the design of insulated pitched roofs to protect the insulation and load-bearing elements from under-roof condensate, wind and precipitation penetrating under the roofing. that do not impede the release of water vapor from the insulation into the ventilated gap.
When using the method of insulation in the attic room according to the U-shaped scheme or according to the trapezoidal scheme, it is recommended to use reinforced Izospan AQ proff material as hydro-wind protection.
Izospan AQ proff, Izospan AQ 150 proff, Izospan AS 130, Izospan AS and Izospan AM are not intended for use as a primary or temporary roofing!
Installation instructions for hydro-wind protection
Installation begins from the bottom of the roof. Izospan AQ proff (Izospan AQ 150 proff, Izospan AS 130, Izospan AS, Izospan AM) is rolled up on the roof rafters with the logos facing up. The hydro-windproof membrane is laid without tension. Installation is carried out by horizontal cloths, with an overlap (width of horizontal and vertical overlaps is not less than 15 cm). The material is fixed on the rafters using a building stapler. If the remainder of the roll is not enough for the entire width of the roof, then the vertical overlap of the membrane webs is performed on the rafter leg.
In the cornice zone, the lower edge of the first row of the hydro-windproof membrane is laid on the drip and glued to it using a double-sided connecting tape Izospan KL When laying the membrane in the cornice zone, formation of folds should be avoided, which impedes the natural drainage of moisture from the surface of the material.
In the valley, the canvas of the hydro-windproof membrane is rolled over the valley boards along the entire length of the valley and fixed with the help of a construction stapler along the upper surface of the valley boards, as well as along the rafters (not closer than 30 cm from the axis of the valley). The lower edge of the material is laid on the drip and glued to it using double-sided connecting tape Izospan KL The canvas of the hydro-windproof membrane from the left slope is led onto the valley with an overlap of at least 15 cm from the right slope valley board and fixed with the help of a construction stapler along the upper surface of the valley boards, as well as along the rafters (not closer than 30 cm from the axis of the valley). Excess material is cut off. The lower edge of the sheet of the hydro-windproof membrane from the left slope is glued to the drip and to the material laid in the valley using the double-sided connecting tape Izospan KL The canvas of the hydro-windproof membrane from the right ramp is led onto the valley with an overlap of at least 15 cm from the valley plate of the left ramp and is fixed with the help of a construction stapler along the upper surface of the valley boards, as well as along the rafters (not closer than 30 cm from the axis of the valley). Excess material is cut off. The lower edge of the sheet of the hydro-windproof membrane from the right slope is glued to the drip and to the material laid in the valley using the double-sided connecting tape Izospan KL
The cheapest way to build a house. Which house to build cheaper: choosing an economical project
Savings begin with a rational distribution of funds and the right choice of project. The more complex the shape and architecture of the building will be, the greater will be the cost of its construction.
After choosing the right project, you can build a house cheaply and quickly, however, for this you need to consider the following nuances:
- Simple layout and layout of the building.
- The minimum amount of space.
- Optimal materials.
- The use of formwork from substandard.
- The right approach to land work.
Important! Do not save on the quality of materials or technical supervision when constructing an expensive project. It is better to limit your choice to a small building with an ordinary roof and without complex architectural elements, then you will not have to resort to cut costs.
The layout should be modern and comfortable for living.
Choosing a project with a minimum number of architectural forms, you can increase the chances of fitting into a limited budget. To develop the optimal layout of the house, it is necessary to use space wisely. For one person, 11 m² is enough. Multiplying this indicator by the number of family members, and adding general purpose rooms and sanitary facilities to the result, you can get an optimal house in all respects.
No matter how difficult the soil is on the site, you need to buy suitable materials to build a house. Choosing what to build a house from, one should not strive for maximum savings to the detriment of quality. The same applies to the services of specialists hired to carry out work that cannot be done with their own hands, or to execute documentation with the appropriate permissions. If you take lightweight materials, you can reduce the load on the foundation part and get along with building a simplified foundation.
The simplicity of the architectural forms of the house will further reduce construction costs
Significant savings can be achieved using non-standard for the construction of formwork structures. At the same time, it is extremely undesirable to reduce cement costs. The grade of the material must be of high quality, otherwise premature structural failure will occur.
By calculating the correct level of penetration by the mass of the building, you can prevent strong shrinkage of the house. This will reduce the risk of cracks and other defects that may require significant repair costs in the future.