How to insert a bit into a screwdriver Interskol. How to use a screwdriver drill. Instruction. Photo.
Cordless drill / screwdriver. This is a tool that must be present in the working set of any home craftsman. Its versatility allows you to easily perform work both for twisting and unscrewing various types of fasteners (screws, self-tapping screws, screws), as well as drilling holes.
Let’s look at how the drill-driver works and understand the attachments and accessories.
How to attach a bit or drill
There are two ways to fix a drill or bit in a screwdriver. The first method is manual. The bit is inserted into the chuck and tightened by hand. Second way. This is tightening the bit or drill with a rotating chuck, support it with your other hand. It is very easy to check how you secured the bat. Try to screw one self-tapping screw, and you will understand whether the bit is scrolling or not.
Chuck rotation direction
In the construction of the drill. The screwdriver has a push-type switch with which you can change the direction of rotation of the chuck for tightening or unscrewing the fasteners.
There is a direction mark on either side of the tool next to this switch. Pushed the switch, you can reverse.
It must be remembered that the direction of rotation can be changed only when the electric motor is completely stopped.
In the middle position, the switch blocks the operation of the tool. This lock is used while changing bits or drills.
The drill chuck can be replaced if necessary. It must be borne in mind that it is fixed with a screw with a left-hand thread and therefore you need to unscrew it clockwise.
This screw can be accessed through the front of the chuck.
The tool kit also includes a set of drills of different diameters. They are all designed to work in soft materials.
The drills are clamped in the chuck in the same way as the bit attachment. (See photo above)
To care for the instrument, it is enough to wipe its body with a damp cloth and then dry it, do not use household chemicals and solvents.
Freezing of the battery is not allowed.
Can I drill?
It is possible to use a tool instead of a drill only if such a possibility is indicated in the technical passport of the device.
However, soft materials such as drywall can be drilled even with a low-power screwdriver.
To do this, instead of a bit, you need to insert a drill into the chuck to work with gypsum board.
To remove the drill or other bits, you need to unscrew the chuck by hand or wrench. You also need to move the sleeve to the appropriate position, usually this mode shows the drill icon. The attachment is placed at right angles to the marked surface. It is not recommended to deviate. This will complicate the drill stroke, increase the diameter of the hole to be made.
To drill a concrete or brick wall, tiles, you will need a tool with a high rotation speed (from 1200 rpm) and a large torque. Impact screwdrivers do the job more efficiently and faster.
Important! A screwdriver differs from a drill and a hammer drill in power, and it should not be used to drill a large number of holes. It is necessary to take breaks during work so that the tool does NOT fail due to overheating.
Battery Charging Procedure
It is necessary to insert the battery into the device, observing the polarity (the corresponding signs “” and “-” are affixed to the battery and the device), i.e. Plus is combined with plus, and minus. With a minus.
A glowing red diode on the device panel indicates that the charging process is in progress. This procedure lasts from 3 to 5 hours.
The rechargeable battery is protected against overcharging, so it can be left in the device for longer, but not more than 24 hours.
During recharging, the battery and the device may heat up, which is NOT an indicator of a malfunction.
The work of the screwdriver in the tightening mode
Diagram of installing a bit in a screwdriver.
Before starting work, it is necessary to select the desired nozzle (drill) according to the size of the screw head and the shape of the slots (straight or cross). The nozzle is installed in the center between the divorced cams and is fixed in the chuck by rotating the sleeve clockwise by hand. If a key type chuck is installed, the key is inserted into the socket on the chuck and rotated clockwise until the attachment is secured.
The tip of the nozzle is placed in the slot of the screw, the start button is pressed.
By increasing the pressure applied by the finger to the trigger, the optimum tightening speed is achieved. When the screw is fully screwed in, the force limiting mechanism is triggered and the drill stops. The finger is removed from the button. The screw tightening process is complete. Unscrewing the screw is done in the same way, but with the direction lever in the opposite position. The optimal value of the torque (power) when tightening the screw into hard and durable materials is established by rotating the torque regulator ring, on which the graduations are applied, corresponding to different power.
Choice of screwdrivers
Modern screwdriver designs have several modifications, determined by the purpose. The following main types of devices can be distinguished:
- Screwdriver:
- Drill screwdriver;
- Wrench;
- Cordless screwdriver.
If a conventional apparatus is designed only for tightening fasteners, then a drill-screwdriver combines the functions of drilling and tightening fasteners by expanding the speed range. The smallest device. This is a cordless screwdriver. The wrench is equipped with an attachment for tightening nuts and other hexagons.
By the type of power supply, screwdrivers can be divided into batteries and mains powered. Cordless devices have a great advantage in terms of mobility. They are usually equipped with nickel-cadmium and lithium-ion cells. By the drill fastening mechanism, one can distinguish screwdrivers with keyless chuck, and screwdrivers with Key chucks.
Power and rotation speed are important parameters of the apparatus. Power can be expressed in functional parameters. Soft and hard torque. The soft torque determines the maximum allowable load in twisting mode and the hard torque. In drilling mode. For ordinary screwdrivers, the first parameter is most important. So, at a torque of 30 Nm, the length of the screw to be screwed is limited to 70 mm, and at 40 Nm it increases to 100 mm, etc.
The rotation speed determines the purpose of the apparatus. When using it only in the mode of twisting or unscrewing screws, the speed is set to 350 rpm. If the machine is used in drill mode, the speed should be at least 1000 rpm.
Removable battery device diagram.
When choosing a cordless screwdriver, you should consider some of the characteristics of batteries. Modern imported devices are most often equipped with lithium-ion cells. Such batteries have a number of advantages, including. Sufficiently long service life. However, they tend to self-discharge, i.e. Discharged during storage. Screwdrivers with this battery are great when used frequently. If they are rarely operated, it is advisable to use devices with nickel-cadmium elements, which are less susceptible to self-discharge and are much cheaper. Any batteries must be selected according to their capacity. The higher this indicator, the better the element is. If the screwdrivers will be used at home, where there is access to sockets, then it is better to choose a device powered from the mains.
When choosing an expensive high-quality screwdriver, you should pay attention to the additional functions that will expand the capabilities of the device. These include:
- Introduction to the design of the impact mechanism, which will help when unscrewing the socket heads;
- Providing an impulse to increase the torque, which is useful when drowning the screw head;
- Possibility of increasing the rotation speed up to 1000 rpm;
- Illumination of the working area.
When choosing a cheap but sufficient screwdriver for home conditions, you can choose a device with a torque of 30-35 Nm and a mains supply or with a nickel-cadmium battery with a capacity of about 2 A / h.
How to use a screwdriver correctly?
Drill varieties are hammer drill and screwdriver. If you need to tighten the fasteners, then you should learn how to use the screwdriver. All these devices are very similar to each other, but differ in purpose and have their own specific features.
The main purpose of the screwdriver is screwdriving.
This type of drill is designed for fixing screws. Recently, many people have recognized the convenience and usefulness of the apparatus. Those who have not yet had time to get to know him are wondering how to use a screwdriver correctly.
The correct use of a screwdriver can be divided into a number of steps:
- Choice of apparatus;
- Acquaintance with its design;
- Operation and maintenance of the device.
Screwdriver design
All types of drills are of the same type, including:
Cordless screwdriver diagram.
- Split body;
- Drill chuck;
- Electrical and mechanical.
The chuck is used to install the drill and connect it to the rotating shaft. It contains 3-4 jaws, between which the drill is placed. The cams move by rotating the adjusting sleeve. Docking, i.e. Cams are brought together by turning the sleeve by hand or using a special key.
The electrical part consists of an electric motor, starting systems, reverse direction of rotation and engine speed control, as well as a power cord or battery. A collector single-phase electric motor is used as source of motion. A starting capacitor is installed to start the engine. The power supply to the motor is carried out through contact brushes fixed in holders.
The switch is usually designed as a start button. It is combined with the engine speed governor. The control circuit based on the transistor is made so that when the start button is pressed, the rotation speed of the motor armature increases.
Diagram of the gearbox of the cordless screwdriver.
Reversing the direction of rotation of the armature is carried out by configuring the polarity at the input terminals. The reverse lever is brought to the body of the device.
The mechanical part of the screwdriver includes a gearbox, bearings and a force limiting mechanism. The gearbox provides the transmission of the rotational motion of the armature shaft to the main shaft, on which the chuck with the drill is mounted. The planetary gearbox contains a system of gears, satellites and carriers. The number of speed control steps depends on the number of satellites.
The force limiting mechanism is designed to optimize the load on the screw during tightening. When the screw is fully tightened, the rotation resistance of the drill increases and the mechanism stops its movement. The whole mechanism can have up to 16 positions of force adjustment.
Maintenance of the screwdriver
When working with a screwdriver, use only the attachments that are included in the kit.
The use of a screwdriver implies proper maintenance. First of all, it cannot be used to drill holes for a long time. For this you need to use a drill. The use of a screwdriver as a drill is allowed only in a short-term mode.
When tightening the screws, use only the attachments supplied with this machine. Do not install damaged attachments (drills). All rotating elements, as well as the inside of the chuck, must be lubricated periodically.
Check the charging of the batteries in a timely manner. To eliminate the “memory effect” of the battery, it is recommended to completely discharge it before recharging it. Store the device only in a dry place. During prolonged operation, the possibility of engine overheating should be monitored. Periodically, the device should be turned off until complete cooling.
When working with a screwdriver, you should have the following tools in stock:
- Screwdriver;
- Pliers;
- Brush;
- Brush;
- Pressure;
- Calipers.
The screwdriver has a fairly simple design. Anyone can use it. But in order to correctly solve the question of how to use a screwdriver, certain rules should be observed.