How to assemble the right cutters on a uniaxial tractor?
Do-it-yourself cutter assembly should be carried out as correctly as possible. And here it is especially important to make sure that the active part crashes into the ground during operation. For this, it is initially recommended to study the drawings, and then proceed to the manufacture of equipment. The following tools are required to create cutters:
- The rotor axis of the required length. It can be divided into two parts if you need to assemble a cutter from two blocks.
- Short axis.
- Reducer with clamps.
- Left and right knives.
- Bolts, washers, nuts.
Assembling the structure does not take more than an hour, but here it is important to install the knives so that they do not interfere with the rotation.
- Long rotor axis equipped with 30 degree knives.
- It is necessary to combine four knives on one block, fixing them to the gearboxes.
- Next, the correctness of the design is checked and all fasteners are tightened.
This design is very reliable and can withstand quite high loads.
Device
a single-axle tractor differs from a cultivator in its high weight and the presence of a power take-off shaft. The cultivator is equipped only with cutters, and any mounted and trailed equipment that meets the characteristics of the equipment is aggregated to the walk-behind tractor.
Different engines are installed on the cultivators. 2-, 4-stroke gasoline, diesel and electric, powered by the mains or built-in batteries. They are compact, but inferior in power to the motors built into walk-behind tractors.
Deep tillage
When developing new plots, it is necessary to develop virgin lands. Usually it is abundantly overgrown with sod, perennial grasses and weeds. It is quite difficult to cope with such territories with ordinary tools. often they resort to cultivation using deep processing with a turnover of the formation. In reverse plowing, a part of the layer is cut, lifted and turned around its own axis. As a result, the ground from the bottom layer is on top. Weeds cannot grow for a certain period of time. Cultivated plants have a head start for advanced development.
This work is done in the fall. Rhizomes of nettle, creeping grass, dandelion and other weeds freeze in November-December, when the air temperature drops below 15.17 ⁰С (there is no stable snow cover yet). In the future, they lose the ability to grow.
In the future, a similar technique is resorted to every autumn. After 2 4 years of autumn fall plowing, the amount of weeds on the site decreases many times.
Organic farming advocates disagree with this approach. But the experience of several centuries proves that only such agrotechnical measures can be used to clean the area from weeds. Otherwise, you will have to use chemistry to combat weeds.
- wrap a layer of soil and allow plants to use substances for nutrition, which gradually shift to the lower horizons during the season. Such an operation allows to reduce soil salinization with mineral fertilizing, as well as to reduce the amount of applied fertilizers;
- aeration of the lower layers of the soil contributes to the emergence of aerobic processes of decomposition of plant residues. Usually, in the lower layers, the access of air oxygen is limited. Therefore, conditions are created when the rotting of the roots of the rod type extends over several years. Anaerobic processes (without air access) occur with a slow accumulation of humus;
- when the seam turns over, weed seeds end up in the lower layers of the soil, and they cannot germinate. The roots remaining on the surface freeze out. As a result, soil contamination is sharply reduced;
- freezing clods of earth in winter crumble more easily in spring. A light loose surface layer is formed, in which cultivated plants can receive more abundant nutrition;
- the introduction of organic matter before plowing allows you to organize active rotting of manure or green manure, if they were sown after harvesting the main cultivated crops.
Installation of cutters on a uniaxial tractor
To install the cutters on a single-axle tractor, use special wooden trestles, the height of which should be about 50 cm. The machine must be supported on the opener and tilted at an angle of 45 degrees. Then the wheels are removed from it and cutters are put on. Special plates are installed on the outer ends on both sides, which make the unit run smoother and more stable.
How to choose and install the milling cutters on a single-axle tractor?
Equipment such as a milling cutter is necessary for any walk-behind tractor, since it can be used to carry out most of the work related to soil cultivation. Basically, the rotary tiller comes complete with the unit, but in cases where you need to change the width and depth of processing, you should purchase the equipment separately.
Additional cutters allow you to increase the functionality of the walk-behind tractor and simplify work with it. Experts recommend having several pairs of cutters in your arsenal.
Milling soil in spring
Agricultural technology using motoblocks provides for loosening the entire soil horizon to the depth with the help of an active cutter. This achieves the following results:
- the soil is destroyed to the optimum size. It was found that lumps of 8… 16 mm in size contribute to better root coverage. Plants form a powerful root system that facilitates the efficient use of nutrients from the soil for stem growth and yield formation;
- the rods of the tool are uprooted from the layer of the roots of perennial weeds: field bindweed (birch trees); creeping wheatgrass; nettle; clear; chicken millet;
- a significant amount of air penetrates into the soil layer with repeated penetration of the cutting blades. The processes of decay of organic matter inside the treated soil are activated.
Homemade milling cutters for walk-behind tractor
Manufacturers offer different options for tillers for the walk-behind tractor. You can use one set of cutters or purchase two different types of devices, changing them depending on the conditions of soil cultivation.
Some craftsmen prefer to use homemade products, which, when properly assembled, will be no worse than factory ones.
The main advantage of self-creation of a rotary cutter is that it can be adjusted to the specific features of the site.
Flat cutter
A do-it-yourself flat cutter for a uniaxial tractor is made from a metal pipe with a diameter of 42 mm on the basis of drawings of individual elements. In the manufacture of blades, they are adjusted in size and bent at a given angle. With a welding machine, the blades are welded to the pipe. Sharpening of cutters is carried out in a fully assembled state. When assembling the module, it is necessary to dock them with the hitch of the walk-behind tractor, during a trial run, adjust.
How to properly assemble milling cutters on a uniaxial tractor
Saber cutters
They are included in the basic complete set of the walk-behind tractor and are the most popular among farmers. The cutters have a collapsible design, which makes their installation, maintenance and transportation very convenient and simple. The active cutter is made in the form of a block that includes four cutting mechanisms located at right angles to each other. The knives are fastened using bolts, washers and nuts, and the number of blocks on each side of the drive can be 2-3 or more pieces. Welding is not used in the manufacture of cutters. This is due to the special properties of high-carbon steel and its immunity to this method of joining.
The knives that make up the cutter are quite simple and are steel strips curved at the edges. over, they are assembled into a block in such a way that bends in one direction alternate with bends in the other. Due to the shape of the knives, resembling a saber, active cutters are often called saber cutters. This design, combined with the high hardness and strength of the material, makes it possible to use this type of equipment when plowing virgin lands and heavy soils with large m of stones and roots.
Varieties of cutters for a walk-behind tractor
Structurally, the soil milling cutter is a set of tillage knives located on a rotating axis. Such a module consists of two parts, which are installed on the drive shafts of the wheels on both sides of the power unit. Thanks to this arrangement, a single-axle tractor is able to move independently during cultivation.
You can also distinguish the type of motoblocks with mounted cutters, the rotational movement of which is given by the power take-off shaft. The module is located behind the power unit and does not participate in the movement. Motoblocks such as MTZ, Neva, Prorab, Sich, Agro are just produced in various modifications, with and without a power take-off shaft.
There are practically no differences in the manufacture of both mounted and conventional cutters. But for a milling cutter with independent rotation, a module is additionally manufactured with a drive from a power take-off shaft and an angular double-sided gearbox.
Varieties
The classification of cutters for a walk-behind tractor is based on several criteria. So, at the location, they can be lateral and hinged. The former are installed on the wheel drive shafts on both sides relative to the power unit. With this arrangement, the cutters act as wheels, driving the single-axle tractor. The second method of placement involves installing them behind the walk-behind tractor and working from the power take-off shaft. This arrangement is most typical for most modern motoblocks, including such well-known brands as Tselina, MTZ and Neva.
The second criterion for the classification of cutters is their design. On this basis, 2 types are distinguished: saber (active) cutters and “Crow’s feet”.
Do I need to sharpen cutters on a uniaxial tractor. Why you can’t sharpen reciprocating cutters for cultivators
In fact, everything is simple. Most domestic manufacturers buy knives at one plant in the Smolensk region, where knives are made from hardened steel with high-frequency currents on the cutting edge.
Please note that domestic cutters are always mounted on the cultivator flange using bolts. This is due to the fact that hardened steel is difficult to weld.
So you can understand that many Chinese cutters for welding are made of metal in quality, worse than domestic.
Reciprocating cutters that have seen kilometers of soil
The process of creating such an edge is accompanied by the melting of the edge of the blade and its rapid cooling. As a result, the knife blade under magnification will look uneven and resemble a saw.
When working in the ground and constantly hitting stones, reinforcement, and so on, the carbide blade does not dull, but crumbles. Forming deeper “saw” teeth. Therefore, many people call such cutters self-sharpening.
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Frankly, in my opinion, this term is not entirely fair. Chipping knives are more suitable.
Now to the question of sharpening at home. You can sharpen milling cutters using a high-temperature sharpening machine. If there is no such device in the garage, then you do not need to take a file from the shelf. !
The file will remove fine teeth, making the knife even, which can lead to large chipping or breaking of the knife during subsequent cultivation and hitting the stone.
If a chisel appears on the cutter, just keep working with it. You will see, after a while she will disappear by herself.
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Do I need to sharpen?
There is no unequivocal answer to the question of whether it is necessary to sharpen a knife. Gardeners have their own opinion, but it is also contradictory. According to them, the need for sharpening may depend on the type of soil being cultivated. For example, if the soil is sandy or peaty, you do not need to sharpen the cultivator‘s knife. If they cultivate virgin soil, more than once you can hear about the need to sharpen the blades. As for the opinion of manufacturers, it clearly indicates that sharpening is not necessary for cutters.
Experts note that the sharpening of the cutters is accompanied by the crushing of weeds. This contributes to their enhanced vegetative reproduction, and also requires disassembly of knives.
Of course, the unit will work more efficiently for two or three hours, but then the blades will need to be disassembled and sharpened again. And this will require compliance with the assembly rules, because after sharpening, you will have to correctly assemble the working unit, and this can not be done by every gardener. As for a heavy cultivator with fairly powerful cutters, there is no need for sharpening. In addition to the fact that it will take a lot of time and effort, the user will practically not feel the effect.
Hound’s Feet Mounted Cutters
These cutters have a one-piece, non-separable design, due to which they are characterized by high strength and long service life. With their help, you can not only effectively work stony and clay soils, but also fight small weeds, and also deeply loosen the soil. Standard factory-assembled models have fairly compact dimensions: 38 cm in length, 41 in width and 38 in height, while the weight of the structure is 16 kg.
This species owes its name to the peculiarities of the design of knives, which are presented in the form of pointed triangular plates located at the edges of steel rods, and vaguely resembling crow’s feet in shape. The number of cutting elements can be different. from 4 pieces in factory models and up to 8-10 in homemade samples.
With an increase in the number of knives, the quality of soil cultivation increases markedly, however, and the load on the engine also becomes much greater.
Therefore, when making your own grip cutters, it is necessary to take this fact into account and not overdo it. The maximum speed at which a uniaxial tractor equipped with Hound’s Feet cutters can move is 5 km / h, which corresponds to the average speed of an adult.
In this regard, it is quite convenient and comfortable to operate such equipment. The material for the manufacture of cutters is low-carbon steel of medium density, which is why, when working with problem soil, the knives are often prone to breakage and deformation.
Procedure
In short, the assembly of the cutter for the walk-behind tractor is carried out in the following order:
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- Select the correct direction of rotation. Indeed, during operation, the sharpened part of the cutter will cut into the ground.
- Using the bolts, install the blades of the cutter in the nests that are specially designed for this.
- Then put washers on the bolts and carefully tighten the nuts.
It is not so easy to make mistakes in the process, since everything is clear even intuitively. However, you should pay attention to the fact that the blades are embossed at the factory with the markings L and R. L means that the part will be installed on the left side, and R on the right, respectively.
The additional section is attached to the main one with a pin. The limiting disc is connected to the rest of the unit with a bolt and a nut.
Active cutters
The active milling cutter consists of a set of four powerful blades set at 90 ° to each other. There can be from two or more such sets on one axis. The number of additional cutters, as well as the size of their knives, depends directly on the performance of the walk-behind tractor. The knives of this cutter are in the form of curved strips, bent alternately in different directions. Their design and strength allow you to safely handle virgin soil, as well as areas where stones and roots come across.
Saber models
Such elements are considered very durable and reliable due to the fact that only steel is used in the production process. In addition, such models boast a unique design that makes them resistant to any mechanical damage. Saber-shaped models are included in the standard set of most motoblocks of European and American production. The effectiveness of such elements has been tested on plots with any kind of soil, which favorably distinguishes them against the background of other models. These cutters are of high quality and high durability, which allows for high-quality soil cultivation.
The main feature of saber knives is that carbon steel is used for the manufacture of working bodies, which guarantees the reliability of every part even after a year of active operation. In addition, the knives are specially treated and hardened using high-frequency currents, thanks to which they boast incredibly high durability.
Classification of cutters
According to the location of the cutters there are side and mounted. The lateral ones are installed on both sides of a single-axle tractor, they work from the drive shafts of the wheels. In fact, with a similar arrangement, these cutters replace the wheels and set the equipment in motion.
The second type is a cutter, powered by a power take-off shaft, is located at the rear of the unit and does not participate in the movement. Motoblocks of the brands Celina, Neva MB-1 and MB-2, MTZ have just such a cutter device.
According to the design of knives, two types of cutters are distinguished. saber-shaped (active, standard) and the so-called crow’s feet.
Installing the cultivator on a single-axle tractor
A milling cutter for a walk-behind tractor is an indispensable thing in soil cultivation. No wonder it, as a rule, is already included with the walk-behind tractor. The desired product can be purchased separately, and then assembled and installed on the unit on its own (for example, if the base cutter is not satisfied with something). Those who are interested in how to assemble a milling cutter on a uniaxial tractor may be happy. there is nothing to weld or bend here, in fact, it is enough just to install the parts in the grooves and tighten the bolts with a key. And only then complete the installation according to the instructions or diagram.
Scheme
Correctly, accurately and clearly written text instructions for assembling the cutter is a necessary document for the production of this work. However, it is also very convenient if you have a high-quality assembly diagram of a cutter for a walk-behind tractor at hand. After all, information is often better perceived by a person precisely through pictures, and not through words. That is, one in this case perfectly complements the other. Also, on the Internet, you can easily find many videos of the assembly of the cutter, including those where the master not only assembles the cutter, but at the same time explains what exactly he is doing. It turns out much clearer for the audience.